Nipah worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) belongs to the Polychaeta group that lived in the Nypa fruticans mangrove sediment in West Kalimantan. It has the potential to be cultivated because it has a high economic value in aquaculture. Feed aspect is an essential part of its cultivation, through improving the quality of feed by using probiotics isolated from its natural habitat, such as actinomycetes. These bacteria are known capable of producing secondary and primary metabolites. These metabolites are expected to increase immunity and biomass of worms. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the composition and characteristics of actinomycetes derived from mangrove sediment, gastrointestinal and faecal pellets of nipah worm that are potential as probiotic for feed formulation. Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes was conducted by pour plate method on SCA, ISP2, ISP3, ISP4, and ISP5 media; while characterization was by determining morphological characteristics of colonies, cell structure, and biochemical tests. Identification of the isolates referred to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The results showed that twelve isolates of actinomycetes had been found. Six isolates were from mangrove substrate, four isolates from fecal pellets and two isolates from the gastrointestinal tracts. All isolates were closely related to the genus Streptomyces.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. One of the plants that has potential as an antifungal activity is Acalypha hispida. The objectives of this research determined the phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of A. hispida flower methanolic extract on the growth of C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. Identification of compounds using thin layer chromatography (TLC). This study consisted of six treatments, namely control using ketoconazole and concentrations of A. hispida methanol extract of 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/mL. The results showed that all concentrations of A. hispida methanolic extract had antifungal properties against the growth of C. albicans. The concentration of 1.0 g/mL showed the best inhibition against C. albicans. The methanol extract of A. hispida flowers contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols.

Screening and selecting of indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria and nipah worm fecal pellets are essential before being applied as probiotics. Previous studies have successfully isolated 10 bacterial isolates that having cellulolytic and proteolytic abilities from intestinal and fecal pellets of nipah worm. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of all isolates against nipah worms in vitro and in vivo. Testing of pathogenicity in vitro was carried out on blood agar and DNAse agar, while in vivo testing was carried out by injecting 0.1 ml of bacterial suspension into the nipah worm body which was then cultured for 14 days. The results showed that only 10% (3 from 30 isolates) of all isolates were suspected having pathogenic activity. Isolates NrBF6, NrBF 9, and NrBC4 had been indicated from hemolysis activity in blood agar and lysed DNA on DNAse agar medium. In vivo pathogenicity tests through injection into gastrointestinal cavity showed that isolates NrBF6, NrBF9 and NrBC4 had LD50 at the suspension dose of 103 bacterial cells. LD50 reached for 5, 8 and 20 days, respectively. Symptoms of infection that appeared most dominantly in nipah worms were wounds on the surface of the body, broken body segments, and pale.

Burger is one of the food in Indonesia that consists of bread, meat, vegetables, sauce, and mayonnaise. This study aims to detect the bacterial presence from genus Salmonella and Shigella in burger food sold in Sungai Raya Dalam, Pontianak. Samples were collected from the location consist of cooked whole burger, precooked bread, postcooked bread, precooked burger meat, postcooked burger meat, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, sauce, and mayonnaise ware bought from six traders. Based on the research, sixty samples tested in Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) media showed that 28,33% samples was contaminated with by Salmonella and 3,33% samples was contaminated by Shigella, this showed that burger samples in Sungai Raya Dalam Pontianak could be contaminated by bacteria members of the genus Salmonella and Shigella and exceed the threshold that has been determined by SNI is negative / 25g

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