Multiple factors influence individuals to get health checkups. This study uses Japanese survey data to investigate key determinants of the health checkup decision. Relevant personal attributes and lifestyles are identified. The results indicate that the influence of these factors varies according to the type of health checkup. We also examine the impact of an individual's time preference on his/her health checkup behavior. The results suggest that hyperbolic discounters are more likely than non-hyperbolic discounters to seek health checkups, which indicates that the effect of time preference on health checkup behavior differs among the different types of time discount structures.