Demand robust counterpart-open capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows and deadline (DRC-OCVRPtw,d) model formed and explained in this paper, is the model used to find the minimum distance and the time needed for vehicles to transport garbage in Sukarami Sub-District, Palembang that consists of the time it takes for the vehicle to pass through the route. Time needed to transport garbage to the vehicle is called time windows. Combination of the thoses times is called deadline. The farther the distance passed by vehicle and the more garbage transported, the longer the deadline is needed. This DRC-OCVRPtw,d model is completed by LINGO 13.0 to obtain the optimal route and time deadline for Sukarami Sub-District. The model shows that the improved model of open vehicle routing problem involving the robustness, time windows and deadline can achieve the optimal routes that enable driver to save operational time in picking up the garbage compared to similar problem not involving no-time windows and deadline stated in previous research.

Flacourtia rukam belongs to family Salicaceae and Indonesia is known as rukem. F. rukam is popular among people especially Musi Banyuas in South Sumatera, Indonesia for the treatment of hypertensive. Investigated effect anti-cholesterol and anti-hypertensive activity from extracts the stem bark of F. rukam have been done. The anti-cholesterol activity was measured by the photometric method by reaction cholesterol with Liebermann-Burchard reagent and anti-hypertensive activity using Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory method. The crude ethanol extract showed the highest anti-cholesterol activity compared to the fractions with IC50 value of 157.88 mg/L. Crude ethanol extract also contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to fractions. The anti-cholesterol activity of extracts is equivalent to the total phenolic and flavonoid contained. In an anti-hypertensive activity study, the crude ethanol extracts exhibited the percentage of ACE inhibitory activity with IC50 119.82 mg/L. The results indicated that the stem bark of F. rukam might reduce or control the cholesterol levels and blood pressure. Anti-cholesterol and anti-hypertensive activity the stem bark of F. rukam is higher in extract form compared to fractions (synergistic).

Robust Counterpart-Open Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with time windows and deadline (RC-OCVRPTWD) model which was formed and explained in this paper, is a model used to design solid waste control routes to minimize the distance and time needed for vehicles to complete waste transportation in Kalidoni Sub-District, Palembang. The completion of this route is expected to be able to overcome the occurrence of solid waste accumulation in Kalidoni District, Palembang that involved two characteristics the time that takes for the vehicle to across the route and the time needed to transport waste to the vehicle, which is called time windows. The second combination of time above is deadline. Waste that are transported every day are divided into working areas where the distance of temporary disposal to other disposal in one working area and the volume of waste transported will affect the length of deadline needed. This RC-OCVRPTWD model uses the LINGO 13.0 application to obtain optimal routes and deadlines. The results show that the working route for Kalidoni Sub-District in working area 1 is completed within 28.6 km and a deadline of 2 hours 51 minutes. In working area 2, is with a distance of 23.6 km and a deadline of 1 hour 42 minutes, and in working area 3 is with a distance of 38 km and a deadline of 3 hours 16 minutes.

Flacourtia rukam belongs to one of the traditional medicinal plants used by the people, especially in South Sumatra for the treatment of hypertension. One of the triggers for hypertension is high levels of cholesterol in the blood. The in vivo research of the anti-hyperlipidemia activity of ethanol extract the stem bark of F. rukam on Propylthiouracil-induced albino rats Rattus noverticus (Wistar Strain) has been done. The animal test was separated into 6 groups i.e. normal group, negative, positive (simvastatin), and 3 treatment groups with a variation extract dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The measurement of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels using the photometric enzymatic method. The result shows that ethanol extract of F. rukam gives the highest anti hyperlipidemia activity at 400 mg/kg BW with decreased total cholesterol percentage of 56.28%, triglycerides 57.34 %, LDL 54.29%, and increased HDL 58.77%. Statistical analysis shows that the treatment groups I, II, and III can reduce the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and higher-level LDL. The effective dose (ED50) is 327.83 mg/kg BW. Based on this result, the traditional plant can be used in hyperlipidemia treatment.

Konstipasi adalah ketidakmampuan melakukan evaluasi tinja secara sempurna. Penyebab konstipasi seringterjadi karena faktor risiko asupan serat yang rendah. Secara empiris tanaman keji beling dapat digunakansebagai laksatif. Tanaman keji beling mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan saponin yang berkhasiat sebagaidiuretik, emoliens dan laksatif. Menyadari fakta tersebut, peneliti merasa perlu untuk melakukan penelitianmengenai efek laksatif terhadap ekstrak daun keji beling. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental menggunakanhewan percobaan tikus putih jantan sebanyak 30 ekor yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok. Kelompok I(kontrol normal), kelompok II (kontrol negatif), kelompok III (perlakuan suspensi ekstrak dosis I 20 mg/200grBB), kelompok IV (perlakuan suspensi ekstrak dosis II 40 mg/200 grBB), kelompok V (perlakuan suspensiekstrak dosis III 80 mg/200 grBB), dan kelompok VI (kontrol positif, diberi suspensi bisacodyl 0,09 mg/200kgBB). Efek laksatif dibuktikan dengan metode transit instestinal yaitu mengukur rasio panjang lintasan markernorit pada usus terhadap panjang keseluruhan usus tikus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yangsiginifikan antara kontrol positif dengan kontrol negatif, normal, dosis I dan dosis II, namun tidak pada dosisIII (p>0,05) yang berarti dosis III memiliki efek laksatif. Ekstrak etanol daun keji beling (Strobilanthes crispusBI.) yang memiliki efek laksatif secara signifikan (p>0,05) dengan positif yaitu dosis III 80 mg.