No abstract

The method of extraction and the type of solvent used during extraction will influence effectiveness of the extraction and compound extracted. The aim of this research was determined the effect of extraction methode and solvent polarity on total phenolic content of cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L). Extraction of cherry leaves used maceration and soxhelation methods with ethanol and chloroform as solvents. The total phenolic contain was determined by visible spechtrophotometer at 765 nm. It has been showed that the soxhletation method was a higher yield value than the maceration methods with the highest yield value showed by ethanol extract, it was 13,29% w/w. Otherwise maceration method showed a higher total phenolic contain with the highest total phenolic contain showed by ethanol extract, it was 10,70% GAE.

One of goverments efforts to improve village’s capability to be self help is the establishment of “Desa Mandiri” program. Assertion of “Desa Mandiri” program as one of goverment’s policy is based on consideration that there is a need to reduce village’s dependency on central goverment. Goverment cannot be expected to wholly help, subsidize, and facilitate village community anymore, and village community has to start to learn to be independent. There are some models of “Desa Mandiri” program, one of them is “Desa Mandiri Sehat” or “Healthy Self-Help Village”. Jabangsari and Banjarharjo in Salaman Sub-district are amongst those that are successful in implementing “Desa Mandiri Sehat”. Although there is difference in term of implementation, the success of these villages are relevant to be used for lesson learning and drawing.

This study aims to examine the views of Indonesian elites on the current state of Indonesian democracy. Various studies show that Indonesia is experiencing a democratic decline. But that view immediately triggered criticism. The first criticism sees that the view contains a western bias because most of the literature that carries the opinion was written by academics from outside Indonesia who wants to impose democratic measures in their home country on the Indonesian case. The second criticism sees that view represents merely public's view that tends to be critical of the status quo and see politicians as corrupt. Departing from this situation, it is interesting to see their views about whether or not the democracy is in decline. If so, to what extent and why? As a method, this study will combine survey and in-depth interviews with 38 elites in Indonesia who are selected through a strict method. These elites have various backgrounds from politicians to academics, journalists, civil society activists, religious leaders and students. From the research, it will find a view of the latest situation of Indonesian democracy from an insider's perspective, namely the elite perspective which arguable has an important role in determining the future of the democratic consolidation in this country.

Starting in the second round of local election, participation of millenials has been increasing. The term refers to the young demographic cohort born between 1980 and 2002, known to have distinct characteristics to the previous generations. We gathered seventeen cases of elected millennial district heads between 2010 and 2017 and making an early observation of their impact on human capital development. Simplified difference-in-difference estimation method is applied using province average as the control group. Results show that following the winning of the millennial leaders there is a diverging trend of Human Development Index score at 0.03 and 0.07 in the first and second year, consecutively, before started converging around the third and fourth year. Lacking leadership skills and experiences, that may also be perpetrated by generational gap, are among the contributing factors to the problem. We further find that leaders not affiliated with political dynasty fare better. We check the robustness of our result using poverty data and further find that millennial leaders are also under-perform in combating poverty. This early assessment would benefit from further heterogeneity analyses as well as narrowing the control group, which is our recommendation for future research.