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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an immunoproliferative and lethal disease of many species of the order Artiodactyla (such as families Bovidae, Cervidae and Suidae) caused by a member of the MCF virus (MCFV) group belongs to the genus Macavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. There are two types of MCF i.e. Wildebeest-Associated MCF (WA-MCF) which is caused by Alcelaphine Herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) with wildebeest as reservoir animal; and Sheep-Associated MCF (SA-MCF) which is caused by Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) with sheep and goats as reservoir animals. AlHV-1 virus has already been isolated whereas OvHV-2 has not been isolated so that vaccines are not yet available. Both types cannot be differentiated by clinical and pathological findings. This disease was previously diagnosed based on the epidemiological information and clinicopathological findings, but now it can be diagnosed by using molecular biological tests. This paper describes the epidemiology of MCF virus, MCF cases in Indonesia and efforts to control this disease. In Indonesia, SA-MCF cases have been reported almost in all provinces as endemic as well as epidemic nature. Separation of reservoir animal with susceptible species, "producing" a SA-MCF virus free sheep and attempt to develop a recombinant vaccine against SA-MCF is the main control strategy that can be suggested.

An experimental transmission study was conducted using nine healthy Indonesian indigenous chickens placed together with two 30 days old ducks which were experimentally infected with H5N1 HPAI clade 2.3.2 virus in the Biosafety Laboratory Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities. The aim of the study was to find out the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI virus clade 2.3.2 in Indonesian indigenous chickens. The study showed that within twenty four hours rearing, the chickens were exhibited mild clinical signs and by 48 hours, all of the chickens died, whereas the ducks survived but with severe clinical signs. The H5N1 HPAI virus has been successfully isolated from chickens and ducks swabs, confirming that those animals were infected by the virus. Histologically, the infected chicken encountered with severe inflammation reaction namely non suppuratives encephalitis, tracheitis, myocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, proventriculitis, enteritis, pancreatitis, nephritis and bursitis. Necrotizing spleen and pancreas were also prominent. Viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in various affected visceral organs. This suggests that Indonesian indigenous chickens were susceptible to H5N1 HPAI virus clade 2.3.2 and it can be transmitted easily to Indonesian indigenous chickens by contact transmission with infected ducks.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ibu hamil dengan hiperemesis gravidarum di RSUD Pasar Rebo Jakarta Timur tahun 2016-2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 107 ibu hamil hiperemesis gravidarum di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur pada tahun 2016-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Exhaustive Sampling. Variabel penelitian antara lain: usia, paritas, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 87% ibu hamil dengan hiperemesis gravidarum berusia 20-35 tahun, 47% primipara, 43% berpendidikan dasar dan 53% memiliki pekerjaan. Kesimpulan: karakteristik Ibu Hamil dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum di RSUD Pasar Rebo Jakarta Timur tahun 2016-2018 yaitu: berusia 20-35 tahun, primipara, berpendidikan dasar dan memiliki pekerjaan.  This study aims to determine the characteristics of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Pasar Rebo East Jakarta Hospital 2016-2018. The research method used is a descriptive study. The sample in this study were 107 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum at Pasar Rebo Regional General Hospital, East Jakarta in 2016-2018. Sampling technique with Exhaustive sampling. The variables in this study are age, parity, education and employment. We used secondary data from the medical record. The results showed that 87% of hyperemesis gravidarum are aged 20-35 years, 47% primiparous, 43% have a basic education, and 53% have a job. Conclusions: characteristics of Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Pasar Rebo Regional Hospital in East Jakarta in 2016-2018: aged 20-35 years, primiparous, basic education, and having a job.