Pemeriksaan apusan darah tepi mampu menilai morfologi sel (eritrosit, leukosit, trombosit), menentukan jumlah dan jenis leukosit, mengestimasi jumlah trombosit dan mengidentifikasi adanya parasit. Pewarnaan Romanowsky adalah pewarnaan yang sering digunakan dan di Indonesia untuk mewarnai preparat apusan darah tepi digunakan pewarnaan Giemsa dan terkadang Wright atau kombinasi Wright-Giemsa. Dalam menilai kualitas apusan darah tepi digunakan penilaian terhadap morfologi eosinofil, karena eosinofil memiliki ciri yang khas, jumlahnya cukup banyak dan mudah diamati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan morfologi eosinofil pada apusan darah tepi dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Giemsa, Wright, dan kombinasi Wright-Giemsa. Dilakukan penelitian deskritif kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian seran lintang (cross sectional study) pada 30 sampel yang diambil dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Sampel darah diwarnai dengan Giemsa, Wright, dan kombinasi Wright-Giemsa. Gambaran morfologi eosinofil dengan pewarnaan Giemsa menunjukkan inti sel berwarna biru keunguan dan granula tampak cukup jelas terlihat berwarna merah muda, dan apusan lebih tahan lama setelah disimpan. Pada pewarnaan Wright menunjukan inti sel dan granula tampak lebih jelas terlihat kemerahan dengan warna yang lebih menonjol dibandingkan dengan pewarnaan Giemsa namun kekurangan pewarna Wright yaitu tidak tahan lama dalam iklim tropis. Pada apusan dengan pewarnaan kombinasi Wright-Giemsa terdapat kelebihan dari setiap zat warna dimana granula, plasma dan inti lebih jelas terlihat dan pewarnaan lebih tahan lama disimpan. Namun, perlu diperhatikan juga tujuan dari pembuatan preparat apusan darah tepi, karena apabila ingin menentukan ada/tidaknya parasit akan lebih baik menggunakan pewarnaan Giemsa, sedangkan apabila ingin melihat morfologi basofil akan lebih baik menggunakan pewarnaan Wright.Kata Kunci: Eosinofil, Apusan Darah Tepi, Giemsa, Wright, Kombinasi Wright-Giemsa.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of atherothrombotic events. Hyperglycemia and other metabolic disorders in T2DM are associated with abnormalities of hemostasis system and thrombosis that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Routine laboratory tests to examine the hemostasis system are Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). This study aimed to describe the abnormalities of APTT and PT in patients with T2DM in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya. Twenty subjects with T2DM in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya were obtained using purposive sampling techniques and blood samples were examined with a COATX Biosystem coagulation using photocolorimetric method. This study found that was 70% APTT are shortened, 5% APTT are prolonged and 25% APTT were normal. While the PT results were 25% PT are shortened and 75% APTT were normal. Abnormalities of APTT and PT in T2DM patients in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya showed an abnormality of the coagulation system so as to allow a tendency for bleeding and cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients. Routine coagulation test should be continued to help better diabetes mellitus management in order to prevent micro or macrovascular complications.

Active smokers are people who are smoking continuously. The population of active smokers in Central Kalimantan was 26,5% in 2013. Cigarettes contain many toxic and addictive chemicals. The presence of tar and free radicals from cigarette smoke can cause erythrocyte hemolysis. In addition, the content of cigarette smoke can also cause an increase in hemoglobin levels that mediated by exposure to Carbon monoxide (CO). CO binds avidly to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). This study aims to give a description of hemoglobin level and erythrocyte indices in active smokers in Kelurahan Tanjung Pinang, Palangka Raya. The descriptive observational method with the cross-sectional design was used in this study. The sample obtained by 28 people with purposive sampling technique with criteria such as active smokers, men, working as farmers, laborers or fish farmers and not alcoholic. Examination of hemoglobin level and erythrocytes indices was done by a hematology analyzer. The result showed that 4 people (14,2%) had low hemoglobin level and 4 people (85,7%) was normal. Based on erythrocytes indices, 2 people (7,1%) with hypochromic microcytic anemia (low MCV, low MCH, and normal MCHC) and also low hemoglobin level. While 26 people (92,8%) had normal erythrocyte indices.

Several clinical laboratory and community health centers in Palangka Raya still use a simple method to determine hemoglobin levels with Sahli method. There are mamy differences in procedures related to incubation time in Sahli method of hemoglobin examination. There are those who don�t use incubation, incubation for 3 minutes or incubation for 5 minutes. This study aimed to determine the effect of icubation time on hemoglobin levels using the Sahli method. This study was experimental study, where hemoglobin levels are measured by Sahli method with incubation time variations of 0 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 8 minutes, and 10 minutes. A total of 21 blood samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the One Way ANNOVA test. The results showed there are significant effect of incubation time (0 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 8 minutes and 10 minutes) on hemoglobin levels using Sahli method (p = 0.00). Increased hemoglobin levels occur with increasing incubation time. Where the lowest value of the average hemoglobin level at the measurement of 0 minutes was 10.9 g / dl and the highest value on the measurement of 10 minutes was 14.2 g / dl. It is important to laboratory personnel to incubate blood according to the procedures established by the Sahli method, because errors in the analytical stage contribute 25% to the causes of errors in laboratory result.

Proportion of passive smokers in Indonesia reached 40,5% and 78,4% of them were exposure of cigarette smoke in the house. Each puff of cigarette smoke contains 10 15 of oxidative free radicals and nicotine that causes leukocytosis in the blood where it found as an inflammatory response. Either free radicals or nicotine can also cause of neutrophilia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, and monocytosis. This study aimed to overview of the inflammatory response in terms of white blood cell count and differential counting of leukocytes in passive smokers (housewives) who live in the district of Pahandut, Palangka Raya. Descriptive analysis with cross sectional design was used in this study. Samples obtained by 30 people were taken with Purposive Sampling technique. Procedure of collecting data starts from observation, distribution of informed consent, interview, answered of questionnaire, blood sampling and laboratory examination using hematology analyzer for measured of white blood cell count and peripheral blood smear for measured of differential counting of leukocytes. The data obtained were analyzed and described in percentage (%). This study found 5 people (17%) of leukocytosis, 2 people (6%) of neutropenia, 1 person (3%) of neutrophilia, 1 person (3%) of lymphopenia, and 6 people (20%) of lymphocytosis. Leukocytosis occurs because of the mechanism of leukocytes recruitment into inflammatory tissues and the types of leukocyte that increased are neutrophils and lymphocytes. Free radicals and nicotine play a major role in triggering inflammation. Acute inflammation cause of exposure of cigarette smoke characterized by neutrophilia and relative lymphopenia in the blood and it will be develop into chronic inflammation that characterized by lymphocytosis and relative neutropenia.