Overtraining is a high-volume, high-intensity, long-duration, and high-frequency training. The heavier physical training, the more oxygen needed for metabolism. Increasing oxygen usage causes an elevation of electron leakage in mitochondria;thus,produce a higher amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant inhibits oxidative damage in a target molecule. Grapes contain a lot of antioxidants, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ethanol extract of Balinese grapes (Vitis vinifera) on β-cells and muscle damage in overtraining-induced rats. This study was a completely randomized experimental study using a posttest only control group design. Samples were 36 male albino rats (Rattus norvergicus), aged 2.5-3 months, divided randomly into two groups. The control group (P0), 18 rats, were given overtraining and placebo of 2 ml distilled water; the treatment group (P1) 18 rats, were given overtraining and 25g/kg.BW ethanol extract of Balinese grapes. The result showed the average amount of pancreatic β-cells in the P0 group was higher than the P1 group (p< 0.001). In addition, the average level of creatine kinase was also higher in the P1 group than those of the P0 group (p<0,001). It can be concluded that the administration of ethanolic extract of Balinese grapes mitigates the damage on pancreatic β-cells and muscle cells induced with overtraining.
Deep-frying oil is a source of free radicals that causes oxidative stress in the body and lead to chronic and degenerative diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Steatosis, or fatty liver, is one of NAFLD and is a common result of moderate to severe hepatocellular insult. L-Carnitine involves in the metabolism of fat and has a potential role as an antioxidant. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of L-Carnitine in deep-frying oil-treated rats. We equally divided thirty-six male Wistar albino rats into three groups: the group of rats without any treatment (control group), the group of rats treated with deep-frying oil of 0.42 ml/rat/day (negative control group), and the group of rats co-treated with deep-frying oil of 0.42 ml/rat/day and L-Carnitine of 30 mg/kg/day (treatment group). After three weeks of experimental treatment, we found that the deep-frying oil treatment in negative control group caused a significant elevation in the number of hepatic steatosis, hepatic TG content and serum ALT and AST accompanied by increased MDA levels, suggesting the oxidative stress-induced fatty liver. The treatment of L-Carnitine reduced the number of hepatic steatosis and TG content, as well as serum ALT and AST levels. To test the involvement of antioxidant activity of L-Carnitine to its beneficial effects on the development of fatty liver, we observed the expression of endogenous antioxidant. We found that the expression of hepatic SOD, CAT, and GPx were up-regulated by L-Carnitine, followed by a concomitant depletion of MDA levels. In general, this study suggests that L-Carnitine prevents the development of hepatic steatosis and oxidative damage, as well as improves the hepatic antioxidant defenses.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bawang putih terhadap jumlah rata-rata eritrosit mencit yang diinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi. Isolat T. evansi yang digunakan berasal dari kasus surra di Buntok, Kalimantan Selatan tahun 2019 dan ekstraksi bawang putih dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan strain Deutch Democratic Yokohama, bobot badan 25-30 gram per ekor, dikelompokan menjadi 6 dan masing –masing terdiri dari 5 ekor, 4 kelompok diantaranya diinfeksi T. evansi secara intra-peritoneal. Hasil perhitungan jumlah rata – rata eritrosit pada kelompok mencit tanpa perlakuan (K0) adalah 8.92±0.41 x106/?l pada awal penelitian dan 8.31±0.63 x106/?l pada akhir penelitian. Kelompok mencit yang diinfeksi T. evansi tanpa perlakuan pengobatan (K1), sebelum diinfeksi, jumlah rata-rata eritrosit darahnya 8.20±1.01 x106/?l dan 6.35±3.91 x106/?l setelah diinfeksi. Jumlah rata-rata eritrosit pada kelompok mencit yang diinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi dan diberikan trypanosidal (K2) sebelum diinfeksi adalah 8.44±1.27 x106/?l dan 7.02±2.78 x106/?l setelah diinfeksi. Kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak bawang putih, dosis 50 mg/kg BB (K3), 100 mg/kg BB (K4), 200 mg/kg BB (K5), sebelum diinfeksi T. evansi, jumlah rata – rata eritrosit darahnya 7.92±0.54 x106/?l, 7.88±0.09 x106/?l, 8.41±0.93 x106/?l dan 7.34±4.35 x106/?l, 5.85±1.53 x106/?l, 6.79±1.18 x106/?l setelah diinfeksi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan pemberian ekstrak bawang putih pada kelompok mencit yang diinfeksikan dengan T. evansi terhadap jumlah rata – rata eritrosit. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan kajian dan penelitian lanjutan terhadap parameter lain berupa pengukuran morfometrik sel dan perhitungan jumlah sel lainnya seperti leukosit dan trombosit.
Bisphenol-A (BPA) merupakan toksikan yang diketahui dampaknya terhadap reproductive toxicities.Namun, beberapa tahun belakangan ini, diketahui pula bahwa BPA menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stresoksidatif merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kerusakan organ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian BPA oral terhadap kadar malondialdehid dan indeks apoptosis pada hatitikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan posttest only control group design. Subjek adalah 14 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague dawley, umur 8-10 minggu, bobot badan berkisar 180 g, dan dalam keadaan sehat. Kelompok kontrol (P0), tujuh ekor tikus, diberikan plasebo berupa 1 mL aquadest selama 21 hari; sedangkan kelompok perlakuan (P1), tujuh ekor tikus, diberikan 400 mg/kgBB tikus BPA selama 21 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok P1 memiliki kadar MDA hepatik yang lebih tinggi (3,33±0,27 nmol/mg.prot) dan berbeda nyata (p<0,001) dibandingkan kelompok P0 (2,67±0,14 nmol/mg.prot). Selain itu, kelompok P1 memiliki indeks apoptosis yang lebih tinggi (11,21±2,26%) dan berbeda nyata (p<0,001) dibandingkan kelompok P0 (2,19±0,97%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian BPA oral meningkatkan malondialdehid dan indeks apoptosis pada hati tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan.
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