The water quality parameters of a fish pond are essential to be managing properly under control for successful operations of fish culture. Improper management of pond water quality during the juvenile stages can create stressful conditions to produce various harmful diseases, which may decrease the fish quality and results in low profits. The present study was aimed to monitored important water quality parameters of nursery ponds of Labeo rohita culturing in Bannu fish hatchery. The study duration was 75 days extends from 10th June to 24th August 2019 for the successful culture of this specie which can play a significant role in breeding season. Furthermore, the concentration of some heavy metals like copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in pond water and fry stages of this species was also determined. The data obtained from all water quality parameters were analyzed expressed as range, mean and standard deviation using MS Excel 2013. The obtained results of 75 days study revealed that the water pH & temperature, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total dissolved oxygen (DO) of pond water samples were found within a tolerable limit except salinity and dissolved ammonia concentration were not permissible for fish growth. The average concentration of heavy metals in pond water exhibited descending order Fe>Ni>Mn>Zn>Cd>Ni, which was found in acceptable ranges. Whereas, the average values of heavy metals in fry stages were in the order of Zn>Fe>Ni>Cu>Cd>Mn, and found within the recommended values of WHO/FAO. Thus, it was concluded from this study that good water quality is a precondition, maintaining balanced levels of water quality parameters is fundamental for both the health and growth of fish culture which is quite necessary for assuring increased fish productivity. It is recommended to monitor and assess water quality parameters on a routine basis for promoting healthy fish culture.

Puberty is a process that results from a coordinated series of complex neuroendocrine changes which eventually leads to external and internal physical changes. These changes include attainment of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. Puberty as a temporal process is subdivided into different stages. These pubertal stages occur in a sequential manner but significant variations have been seen among different individuals in the timings of pubertal onset as well as a certain degree of gender difference is also present where puberty is occurring ISSN 2157-6076 2014 www.macrothink.org/jbls 166 earlier in girls than boys. Among many aetiologies which have been hypothesized to be involved, environmental cues are the most ones. This review article describes the recent findings of the influences of the key environmental clues on pubertal timings, emphasizing on the aspects for which the most scientific evidences exist. Journal of Biology and Life Science