Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, accompanied by a wide variation in disease presentation and the potential to identify many phenotypes that may be relevant for prognosis and treatment. We aimed to systematically review previously reported phenotypes of atopic dermatitis and any characteristics associated with them. Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched from inception till 12 February 2021 for studies attempting to classify atopic dermatitis. Primary outcomes are atopic dermatitis phenotypes and characteristics associated with them in subsequent analyses. A secondary outcome is the methodological approach used to derive them. In total, 8511 records were found. By focussing only on certain clinical phenotypes, 186 studies were eligible for inclusion. The majority of studies were hospital‐based (59%, 109/186) and cross‐sectional (76%, 141/186). The number of included patients ranged from seven to 526 808. Data‐driven approaches to identify phenotypes were only used in a minority of studies (7%, 13/186). Ninety‐one studies (49%) investigated a phenotype based on disease severity. A phenotype based on disease trajectory, morphology and eczema herpeticum was investigated in 56 (30%), 22 (12%) and 11 (6%) studies respectively. Thirty‐six studies (19%) investigated morphological characteristics in other phenotypes. Investigated associated characteristics differed between studies. In conclusion, we present an overview of phenotype definitions used in literature for severity, trajectory, morphology and eczema herpeticum, including associated characteristics. There is a lack of uniform and consistent use of atopic dermatitis phenotypes across studies.

Cedrus libani is a majestic evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean mountains of Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In this study, the tree heart wood was extracted using hexane to produce C. libani oil extract (CLOE) as a dark oil. GCMS analysis of CLOE identified up to 30 compounds whereby 2-himachalen-7-ol (7-HC) was the most abundant (40%). 7-HC was isolated using column chromatography and the identity of the white crystalline solid was confirmed via NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray Crystallography. 7-HC demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines including brain (SF-268, IC 50 8.1 μg/mL) and colon (HT-29, IC 50 10.1 μg/mL; Caco-2, IC 50 9.9 μg/mL) with ovarian (Sk-OV-3, IC 50 > 50 μg/mL) cells being the most resistant. However, while HT-29 displayed resistance to Cisplatin, 7-HC was 8–10 folds more potent. Co-treatment with 7-HC and Cisplatin showed a significant synergistic anti-proliferative effect against SF-268, HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. 7-HC also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Western blot analysis revealed that 7-HC displayed dose dependent inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression in isolated rat monocytes. The present study demonstrates that 7-HC possesses promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and may serve as a lead molecule in cancer therapy.

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Objective: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, the number of affected cases has not stopped rising. Similarly, the number of scientific publications and pre-prints has been increasing exponentially, with an effort to understand this disease more and find a proper solution. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the novel coronavirus. Background: The latest COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally ever since it emerged in Wuhan's city in China. This rapidly spreading disease has changed our lives in unimaginable ways, spreading fear and uncertainty due to the lack of knowledge and the flooding with new information, which lacks the scientific method and cannot be critically appraised. The purpose of this article is to gather some of the best knowledge that has been published so far in a unified narrative review, making it easy for the scientific community to review the most accurate and recent understandings about COVID-19. Methods: We screened relevant articles using a specified number of keywords and specific databases, including PubMed and Embase. We selected peer-reviewed English published material related to the topic, except for a few pre-prints that we deemed necessary to include. We also screened the reference lists of these articles to find relevant publications with the same criteria. Discussion: This narrative overview comprises several subsections that discuss the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management of the disease. We also presented a section on the implications of the disease in pregnancy. We wrapped up the review with a special division regarding the response to COVID-19,  which has been diverse in different countries. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been a serious global health threat with a high transmission and case fatality rate, particularly in vulnerable populations. Epidemiologic models have so far guided the response, but they need to be interpreted carefully, with an understanding of their limitations. The disease's response has varied among different countries; with no current vaccine or standard treatment, the world stands in fear, maximizing preventive strategies to reduce the damages caused by this virus. This manuscript presents a summary of everything that is so far known about COVID-19 to make it easier for the medical community to overview the disease that has changed the world.