No abstract

Highlights COVID-19 is associated with the comorbidities such as male reproductive dysfunction COVID-19 patients connected with the male reproductive dysfunction have decreased spermatogenesis, attenuated levels of testosterone via altering the cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12. Inflammation is one of the causes of COVID-19 linked to male reproductive dysfunction through TNF-α and interferon. IL-4 activated by the Th2 cells would trigger the JAK-STAT signaling and Batf/Irf4, and Bach2/Batf pathway Augmented Th2 cells by the COVID-19 alters the IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, and leads to male reproductive dysfunction.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract