Solidago microglossa is used as an anti-infl ammatory agent in traditional Brazilian medicine, and this work evaluated the anti-infl ammatory potential of the crude ethanolic extract of the fl owers of S. microglossa in vivo, as assayed by paw edema models induced by carrageenan, prostaglandin E2, bradykinin and compound 48/80. In the chemical profi le, we identifi ed compounds by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and quantifi ed them by HPLC-DAD. Additionally, this study analyzed the potential to activate the in vitro transcriptional activity of PPARγ, which is a nuclear receptor linked to the anti-infl ammatory response. It was possible to identify fi ve compounds: quinic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and rutin. In the paw edema evaluation, it was possible to show the potential of reducing edema during the infl ammatory process.The crude ethanolic extract of the fl owers of S. microglossa activated PPARγ compared to the full agonist rosiglitazone and in a dose-response manner. It is possible to conclude that the extract of the fl owers of S. microglossa showed anti-infl ammatory activity, and the phenolic compounds present in this species might be responsible for this activity.