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This study contributes to the fish reverse supply chain due to lack of social-economic and environmental impacts. This study aims to develop a mathematical model for fish reverse supply chain with multi-echelons, multi-products, and multi-periods considering the social-economic (job opportunities and profit) and environmental (carbon emissions) impacts through mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The proposed model provides social-economic insight for governments to understand the increasing of job opportunities if fish gelatin and powder industries can process fish waste (fish bones and skin). The managerial insight for fish processing industries to increase profit and reduce carbon emission in production, transportation, and warehouse. A sensitivity analysis is illustrated to show that the supply of raw fish, selling prices, and purchasing costs are sensitive to total profit, carbon emissions, and job opportunities. The results show that the total profit for five months is IDR 21,779,378,445 and the largest contribution to the total cost is the costs of purchasing, emission costs, and production costs, which are 44.04%; 23.7%; and 18.2%, respectively.

This study investigates product rollover and direct sales decisions in a supply chain with one fashion manufacturer and one retailer when two style generations are sequentially introduced to the market over two periods. The retailer serves as the exclusive sales channel during the introductory period of a style generation. Both the retailer and manufacturer are capable of selling the old style generation in the second period. The retailer adopts dual rollover if she sells the old style generation, and single rollover if she does not. We develop a two-stage game to explore the chain members’ equilibrium decisions while accounting for the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency in direct sales and consumers’ mental account deficit. We find that the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency has double-edged effects and can offset the negative effect of consumers’ mental account deficit on the introduction of a new style generation. Furthermore, a win-win outcome can be achieved when the manufacturer with an intermediate level of cost inefficiency engages in direct sales and consumers have high valuations of the old style generation or when the manufacturer with significant
cost inefficiency does not engage in direct sales.

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