Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular namun termasuk penyakit yang membahayakan karena hipertensi disebut sebagai the silent disease, penyakit tanpa gejala dimana penderita tidak mengetahui penyakit tersebut berada dalam dirinya hingga melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah. Maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kerasionalitasan penggunaan obat antihipertensi menurut Permenkes 2011, meliputi parameter tepat diagnosis, tepat obat, tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat dosis, tepat cara pemberian dan tepat interval waktu pemberian pada pasien rawat jalan dengan diagnosis hipertensi di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Way Kandis. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat non eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif berupa rekam medis pasien hipertensi rawat jalan periode Januari-Juni 2021. Rasionalitas penggunaan obat antihipertensi terhadap 80 data rekam medk pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Way Kandis periode Januari-Juni 2021 adalah tepat diagnosis (100%), tepat obat (100%), tepat indikasi (100%), tepat pasien (100%), tepat dosis (100%), tepat cara pemberian (100%) dan tepat interval waktu pemberian (100%). Kata kunci : Antihipertensi, Hipertensi, Rasionalitas

Pendahuluan: Katarak merupakan keadaan dimana lensa mata menjadi keruh. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan akan kualitas hidup pasien, Penurunan kualitas hidup pasien katarak tidak hanya disebabkan oleh faktor sosiodemografi (usia, pendidikan, pengerjaan, penghasilan, jenis kelamin) tetapi juga adanya faktor klinik (mata yang mengalami katarak, lama terjadinya katarak, visus mata dan adanya komobid diabetes mellitus). Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor klinik yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien katarak di Rumah Sakit Dr.YAP Yogyakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Short Form-6 Dimension (SF-6D) versi Indonesia. Sampel penelitian adalah 464 pasien katarak di Rumah Sakit Dr.YAP Yogyakarta yang melakukan kontrol pada bulan Juni 2019–Januari 2020. Data kemudian dianalisa statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney   dan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara variabel penelitian dan nilai utilitas. Hasil: Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 464 responden dengan rata-rata usia  63 tahun dengan rata-rata nilai utilitas adalah 0,759. Domain yang banyak terdapat masalah kesehatan dari kuesioner SF-6D adalah domain rasa sakit (76,1%), dilanjutkan dengan domain kesehatan mental (73,3%) dan domain fungsi fisik (64,0). Hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa nilai p-value kualitas hidup pada faktor klinik mata yang mengalami katarak (0,000), visus mata (0,000) dan komorbid (0,031) menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, sedangkan untuk faktor lama katarak tidak meunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (0,600). Kesimpulan: Faktor klinik yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien katarak adalah adanya komorbid, mata yang mengalami katarak dan visus mata.

Synthesis of curcumin derivate is commonly conducted using conventional heating like heating mantel. The synthesis was usually done in the very long time. An experiment on finding an efficient synthesis method may be necessary to conduct, such as using microwave to replace the energy source. The synthesis of curcumin derivate 1,5-bis(4’-hydroxy-3’-metoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one or gamavuton-0 assisted by microwave irradiation has been carried out. This synthesis was done on propose of cancer drug discovery to answer the search of new cancer drug on the increase of cancer incidence recently. The synthesis was done under microwave irradiation using vanillin and acetone as the starting material, and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst. Based on the experimental data, the microwave irradiation significantly reduces the reaction time. By using microwave irradiation, the synthesis can be done in a short time.

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common major growing challenge to elderly populations. Several aging factors, including comorbidities, nutritional status and digestive dysfunctions have been associated with increasing CAP among older persons. Furthermore, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most predominant pathogen in geriatrics, although multiple drug resistance (MDR) species regularly occur, particularly in severe pneumonia. Broad-spectrum antibiotics or a combination of β-lactam and fluorokuinolones, or β-lactams and macrolides serve as a promising therapy mainly in critical CAP patients. This study describes two geriatric CAP cases representing two separate treatments with widely varied results. The combination of cefoperazone sulbactam-azithromycin did not generate suitable clinical response until 7 days. As a consequence, the macrolides were replaced with amikacin and continued for 3 days. Meanwhile, the cefoperazone sulbactam-levofloxacin samples significantly improved the clinical conditions under 9 days. The selection of antibiotics with sufficient lung penetration is important in providing the effective therapy. Conversely, azithromycin resistance potentially instigates ineffectiveness, but is also recommended due to its pleiotropic effects. The benefit of this case study shows that CAP treatment among older population requires a blend of antibiotics with either a fluorokuinolone or an aminoglycoside. In both instances, azitromisin is believed to demonstrate high resistance, therefore, it is incapable in functioning as a second antibiotic component.

Background: EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D) are instruments that have been widely used to assess utility index as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic studies. The choice of an instrument will have an important effect and can influence the decision making of an economic health evaluation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the SF-6D and EQ-5D instruments to assess utility index in cataract patients. Methods: The study was conducted with on 448 cataract patients in a hospital in Yogyakarta. The subjects of the study were outpatient cataract patients over 45 years of age. The patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-6D, EQ-5D, and visual function questionnaire instruments. The construct validity was tested including known group validity using the independent sample t test and ANOVA, convergent validity with the Spearman correlation, ceiling effect, and bland and Altmand plots. Results: A total of 448 cataract patients, mean age 64.7 (10.1) years, showed utility index assessed using the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D instruments, which were 0.7 (0.2) and 0.8 (0.1), respectively. Convergent validity shows that the EQ-5D-5L dimensions have a moderate to very strong correlation (0.4-0.9) with the dimensions on VFQ-25, as well as the SF-6D (0.4-0.8). The known group validity shows that both EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D can differentiate the patient's health status based on cataract surgery, visual acuity, and comorbidity. The Bland Altman plot shows the level of agreement between EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D of 91.7%. In better health status, the utility index of EQ-5D-5L is higher and vice versa, in the worse health status the utility index of SF-6D is higher. Conclusion: Both the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D instruments are valid for assessing the utility index in cataract patients. By using different instruments, there are differences in the utility value of cataract patients based on their health status. Therefore it is necessary to consider in choosing the instrument in assessing utility as an outcome parameter in pharmacoeconomic study.