Currently, research on the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the marine food web is being highlighted. An accurate and reliable digestion method to extract and isolate MPs from complex food matrices has seldom been validated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of MP isolation among enzymatic-, oxidative-, and the combination of two digestion methods on red seaweed, Gracilaria fisheri. The dried seaweed sample was digested using three different methods under various conditions using enzymes (cellulase and protease), 30% H2O2, and a combination of enzymes and 30% H2O2. The method possessing the best digestion efficiency and polymer recovery rate of MPs was selected, and its effect on spiked plastic polymer integrity was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. As a result, the enzymatic method rendered moderate digestion efficiency (59.3–63.7%) and high polymer recovery rate (94.7–98.9%). The oxidative method using 30% H2O2 showed high digestion efficiency (93.0–96.3%) and high polymer recovery rate (>98%). The combination method was the most effective method in terms of digestion efficiency, polymer recovery rate, and expenditure of digestion time. The method also showed no chemical changes in the spiked plastic polymers (PE, PP, PS, PVC, and PET) after the digestion process. All the spiked plastic polymers were identifiable using Raman spectroscopy.
ABSTRAKAsap rokok mengandung radikal bebas yang mengganggu sistem pernapasan. Jus semangka "Sugar Baby" mengandung likopen sebagai anti infl amasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jus semangka sebagai anti infl amasi pada neutrofi l tikus jantan galur wistar yang terpapar asap rokok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain tes pra dan pasca-grup kontrol. Sampel terdiri dari 24 tikus jantan galur wistar dengan berat ±150-230 gram dan usia 3 bulan yang dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberikan perlakuan berupa akuades sebagai plasebo dan ketiga kelompok perlakuan diberikan jus semangka dengan kuantitas bertingkat (1,5 ml, 2,5 ml, dan 3,5 ml). Setiap kelompok dipapar dengan asap rokok dari 2 batang rokok perhari selama dua minggu. Selanjutnya selama satu minggu dipapar dan diberi perlakuan. Perhitungan neutrofi l dari hapusan darah tepi diamati dengan cara manual. Data perhitungan neutrofi l dianalisis statistik menggunakan Anova Mixed Design dan dilanjutkan dengan One Way Anova. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang bermakna pada pengamatan kedua, kelompok kontrol (p=0,002) dan kelompok perlakuan (p=0,000). Penurunan yang bermakna ditunjukkan oleh kelompok perlakuan pada pengamatan ketiga (p=0,000). Nilai signifi kan antara kelompok p=0,017. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan ketiga kelompok perlakuan namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat penurunan neutrofi l pada tikus jantan galur wistar yang diberikan jus semangka sebanyak 1,5 ml, 2,5 ml, dan 3,5 ml selama keradangan. Pemberian jus semangka 3,5 ml menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik sebagai anti infl amasi. . This study concluded that there was decreased of neutrophil in wistar strain male rats which were given watermelon juice 1.5 ml, 2.5 ml, and 3.5 ml during infl ammation. 3.5 ml watermelon juice which were given showed better result as antiinfl ammation..
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