Debates about short-termism in business tend to center around the role of shareholder pressures and managers' incentives, while the role of organizational structure remains understudied. In our paper, we adopt an attention-based lens to elucidate the role of organizational structure in directing the attention of management towards pressures for shortterm results at the expense of the long term. Specifically, we argue that greater operational scale, hierarchy, bureaucracy, and workforce flexibility reduce slack resources available to senior managers and increase the complexity of information presented to them in different ways. As a result, the senior managers shift their attention to short-term pressures, which are more easily understood, at the expense of attention for long-term considerations. Analysis based on a survey of senior managers in 3,221 private firms in the Netherlands provides support for our arguments.

How do works councils and employee board-level representation affect company performance? Research on employee participation provides mixed and sometimes contradictory findings. This article argues that the performance effects of employee participation depend on the business cycle. Specifically, the conservative impact of employee participation on strategy may be associated with lower company value in good times, but may also provide a buffer against a loss of value in bad times. This argument is supported by data from 726 European firms in the period surrounding the financial crash of 2006-2008.

Die Erosion von "Made in Germany": Was die Deutschen von den Niederländern (besser nicht) lernen können Kleinknecht, A.H.; Kleinknecht, R.H. Published in: Wirtschaftsdienst DOI:10.1007/s10273-015-1839-2 Kleinknecht, A., & Kleinknecht, R. H. (2015). Die Erosion von "Made in Germany": Was die Deutschen von den Niederländern (besser nicht) lernen können. Wirtschaftsdienst, 95(6), 404-410. DOI: 10.1007/s10273-015-1839-2 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 1 Ohne Deutschland und Niederlande. 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 9 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 0 0 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 0 ZBW -Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft 409Analysen und Berichte Innovationen mulation neigen und nicht für Branchen, in denen "garage business" dominiert. Dies kann erklären, warum die USA in der "Garage-Business-Phase" von IT-Unternehmen etwa im Silicon Valley, trotz ihres "Hire-and-fi re-Arbeitsmarktes", so erfolgreich waren. Es erklärt allerdings auch, warum die USA es seit der "Reagan Revolution" so schwer hatten, gegen deutsche und japanische Anbieter in klassischen Industriezweigen (mit einem kreativen Akkumulationsmodell) zu konkurrieren. Und es erklärt, warum nicht Wolfsburg, sondern Detroit heute eine sterbende Stadt ist. Zum SchlussHohe 34 "Perfect competition … is a condition for optimal allocation of resources … But … introduction of new methods of production and new commodities is hardly conceivable with perfect … competition … And this means that the bulk of … economic progress is incompatible with it. As a matter of fact, perfect competition is and always has been temporarily suspended whenever anything new is being introduced …". Vgl.

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