Complications are frequent following these procedures, although the majority were minor and resolved without lasting effect. Airway edema requiring prolonged intubation or reintubation was frequent. With the numbers available, we were unable to show a relationship between the need for extended intubation and variables including operative time, blood loss, or volume of fluid replacement.

Use of ketorolac after spinal fusion surgery in humans, limited to 48 hours after surgery for adjunctive analgesia, has no significant effect on ultimate fusion rates.

These results demonstrate that adequate endplate preparation for interbody fusion can be achieved utilizing various minimally invasive approach techniques (mini-ALIF, MAS TLIF, MAS PLIF, XLIF), however, XLIF appears to provide a greater area of and more complete endplate preparation.

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