To my wife, Delia, thank you for your support through all these years, and for being a wonderful mother to our son. Without you I would not be writing this today.To Patrick Martin, thank you for this opportunity, for all your patience, support and guidance. Learning from you has been an absolute privilege that I hope many other students get to experience. I will endeavor to carry your work ethic, dedication, and leadership example with me into the future.To my thesis committee advisors Alex Poulton and Adriana Lopes dos Santos, thank you for your advice and support. In particular, thank you to Alex for driving the final project to completion, and for your help with the field campaign on St. John's Island. To Yongli Zhou, thank you for your willingness to help no matter the project or timing. Without your selflessness the gaps in our data would be titanic. To Molly Moynihan, your ability to get things done has been an inspiration. Thank you for your support in all things coral. To Kristy Chang, Oon Yee and Chen Shuang, thank you for your tireless efforts in the lab and in the field, you've been a pleasure to work with over the years.In addition, I am grateful to the numerous researchers, faculty members and fellow students at ASE who have contributed both directly and indirectly to this thesis and to my PhD in general.