Goals: General: The collection of dust samples deposited on Ficus benjamina leaves in the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA) will allow the identification of heavy metals and their spatial distribution. Specific: Identify the most polluted areas of the city and the elements present by means of particle dispersion schemes (maps) made with the data obtained by the atomic absorption technique. Metodología: For the extraction of heavy metals an acid digestion was performed. The samples were previously homogenized. The determination was made on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer model Varian AA 240 FS, with a monochromator of CZERNY-TURNER design, panel of 4 lamps and inert and adjustable nebulization chamber. The technique used was flame (flame) and calibration curves were used. Contribución: The concentrations of the seven metals analyzed Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr were identified, the most abundant being Cu and Pb. The maps allowed to identify that there are some patterns of distribution of the contamination, such was the case of the Cd, Pb and Zn that are distributed very homogeneously on the Lázaro Cárdenas avenue until reaching the supply market area.

Many geologic and tectonic-structural studies refer to the Chapala lake structure in general terms as a graben (or more generally as rift). However, no formal study has addressed its structure. The Chapala Lake is located in a major topographic depression surrounded by broad middle to late Miocene volcanic-capped plateaus. We conducted a magnetic survey comprising five S-N lines crossing the Chapala Lake. One profile comprises a land extension (southwards along roads). Magnetic anomalies obtained are mainly smooth and large scale features associated to the sedimentary infill, local and high amplitude anomalies are due to shallow basaltic and andesitic tilted blocks, and highest amplitudes due to the outcropped basaltic flows of the Los Alacranes and Mezcala islands. The models obtained point to a large structural high located at the central depression portion that separates two structural lows. The structural lows correspond to half-graben type structures. Through the faults delimiting it were emplaced the basaltic flows of the Mezcala and Los Alacranes islands. The presence of half-graben type structures indicates that the crust has been subject to an extensional tectonic.

Objectives. Identify environmental particles in bronchus and human lung tissue through the SEM technique Methodology. The samples were fixed by immersion in 2% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours, then a wash with 1x pH 7 phosphate buffer and light agitation (x3) (1x, 2x and x3) was performed. Finally, the samples were critically dried out with a Samdri 795 team from Tousimis. This was the process to which the samples were taken for EDS analysis with a Jeol JSM 6610LV equipment, operating at 10kV, with Oxford Xmax EDS detector and Oxford AZtec software. The observation in the scanning electron microscope was performed with secondary electron detector. For the assembly, a sample holder was used for scanning electron microscopy, on a double-sided carbon tape substrate. The samples were given a coating with conductive material (99.9% gold) by sputtering with the Denton Vacuum V equipment. Contribution. In lung, 21 elements were identified, in addition to observing the shape and size of the particles. These images were compared with some other environmental particles presented by diverse authors. The uses of these elements were consulted and it was identified that some of them are used in the automotive, electrical and medical industries, and they also have a great influence on food.

Al occidente de Guadalajara, Jal., se localiza el complejo volcánico ácido de la Sierra de La Primavera (SP), en donde, como remanente de la actividad volcano-tect6nica cuaternaria, ha quedado un sistema hidrotermal convectivo a profundidad. La Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad codo parte de su programa nacional de exploraci6n y desarrollo del uso de la Energía Geotermica, ha perforado hasta la fecha trece pozos profundos en la parte central de la SP, de estos se han analizado a detalle datos de 10 pozos para estimar preliminarmente el potencial geotérmico de este campo. Los pozos han sido perforados dentro de la zona en la que se ha probado la existencia del yacimiento geotérmico o bien, porque por su profundidad aportan datos de interés para evaluarlo. Sus profundidades varían entre 1215 y 2986 m. Las unidades litoestratigráficas del subsuelo se agrupan en pre, sin y postcaldérica. La secuencia precalderica está conformada por (del fondo a la superficie) basamento granítico, andesitas, tobas líticas y riolitas. La ausencia de metamorfismo de contacto entre el intrusivo y las andesitas sugiere que el cuerpo granítico no tiene relaci6n alguna con la fuente de calor que soporta el sistema geotérmico. Las riolitas que coronan la unidad precalderica podrían corresponder a las primeras emisiones relacionadas con la formaci6n de la caldera. La secuencia sin calderica está representada por la toba Tala y riolitas. La característica principal, de la toba Tala es su alta permeabilidad. Por último, la secuencia poscalderica está constituida por productos vulcano-sedimentarios, sedimentos lacustres y domos riolíticos que circundan a la zona de exploraci6n. El patrón que presentan los mínimos resistivos y los resultados obtenidos durante la perforaci6n del pozo RC-1 y la medici6n del nivel piezométrico en varios pozos sugiere que el flujo del agua subterránea del sistema es de SE a NW. El análisis de los parámetros de tipo litológico, geoquímico, termico y mineralógico permitieron delimitar y evaluar el yacimiento geotérmico. Con estas bases se estim6 un volumen de fluidos que, de poder extraerse, se obtendrían aproximadamente 179.83 millones de toneladas de vapor que serán suficientes para generar 100 MW durante 17 años.doi: sin doi

Objectives: Dust, soil and leaf samples of Ficus benjamina were collected in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (GMA) (Peña-García et al., 2017), allowing to identify the type of metallic particles, size, shape and spatial distribution. With the results obtained, the possible effects of metallic particles on human and plant health were discussed (Peña-García et al., 2019). Methodology: The sampling was in six municipalities of the GMA; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses were carried out on leaves, which identified the presence of various elements that mostly exceeded the reference values. Through X-ray fluorescence, 23 elements were identified in soil, including Th and Ac in at least 14 sites. Using the scanning electron microscopy technique and elemental mapping analysis, coarse, fine and ultrafine metallic particles were identified in human bronchus and lung tissue, as well as fragments of cement, plastic, yeast and bacteria. The similarity between the metallic particles in the collected samples and those observed in lung tissue, warns of latent risks to the health of the GMA population. Contribution: The results obtained with the methodology used in this work allow us to glimpse the polluting potential in urban areas.