Tabla 3. Signos y síntomas asociados a Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño Síntomas Signos Vigilia Sueño Mal rendimiento escolar Ronquido Fascie adenoidea Somnolencia Apnea constatada por padres Respirador bucal Agresividad Respiración paradojal Aumento tejido amigdaliano Hiperactividad Enuresis Alteraciones craneofaciales Cefalea matinal Sueño no reparador Micrognatia
Six minute walk test in children with post-infectious obliterans bronchiolitis. Its relation with spirometry Post infectious obliterans bronchiolitis (OB) causes persistent pulmonary function impairment and could affect patient ability to perform exercise. Six minute-walk test (6MWT) is a useful tool to study these aspects. Objective: Children with OB were evaluated with spirometry and 6MWT and the relationship between spirometrics measurements and 6MWT were determined. Twenty-seven children with OB were studied with a base line spirometry and 6MWT. Correlation between spirometry and 6MWT: covered distance, Borg index (BI), oxygen saturation (O 2 S) and heart rate (HR), were carried out using Rho of Spearman with SPSS 11.5. There was not relation between the covered distance and spirometrics values; only FVC correlates with final O2S (rho = 0.4; p = 0.02). The other spirometrics variables correlates with BI, O 2 S and HR; Interestingly FEV 1 correlates with: BI (rho =-0.7; p < 0.01), O 2 S (rho = 0.5; p < 0.01) and HR (rho =-0.5; p < 0.01). BI was significant related to FEV1/FVC (rho =-0.7; p < 0.01) and FEF25-75 (rho =-0.8; p < 0.01). Airflow obstruction, especifically a low FEV 1 , is related with a high BI and HR; and also with a lower O 2 S at the end of 6MWT. Increase of BI is the change most related with airflow obstruction.
Evaluation of inspiratory musculature in children with myelomeningoceleBackground: Respiratory musculature function in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) has not been evaluated sufficiently. Impairment in inspiratory muscles capacity could make patients prone to complications in clinical situations in which the respiratory work is increased. Objective: Evaluate inspiratory muscle function, measured with Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) in children with MMC. Method: In 13 children with MMC, MIP was obtained according to Black and Hyatt technique, using an aneroid gauge pressure. The results were compared to Szeinberg reference values by t Student, where p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average age was 11.9 ± 2.8 years and 10 female. Expected MIP average was 112 ± 20 cmH 2 O, with lower limit of 92 cmH 2 O. The observed Pimax was 62 ± 23 cmH 2 O, 33% less than the inferior limit expected (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These children present a decrease of inspiratory musculature force, making them suceptible to muscle fatigue in pathological conditions, requiring a greater respiratory effort and difficulties in mechanical ventilation weaning. We suggest that a regular study of inspiratory muscles is neccessary in MMC patients, in order to define a respiratory musculature training necessity.
Actualmente han ingresado al programa de asistencia ventilatoria pediátrico del Ministerio de Salud de Chile más de 1000 pacientes. Existen dos sub programas dependiendo de la complejidad de los pacientes, es así como tenemos al programa de asistencia ventilatoria no invasiva domiciliaria (AVNI), que surgió durante el año 2006, y el programa de asistencia ventilatoria invasiva domiciliaria (AVI) que nace derivado del programa AVNI a partir del año 2008. Ambos entregan cobertura a pacientes menores de 20 años, complementando a la red de salud entregando la tecnología, visitas de profesionales en domicilio y una canasta de insumos respiratorios que aseguren una adecuada estancia en domicilio de los pacientes, junto a sus familias. Es en este contexto la telemonitorización a distancia surge como una alternativa para el seguimiento de la terapia ventilatoria de éstos pacientes en domicilio, la cual consiste en la monitorización en forma remota de toda la terapia ventilatoria , existiendo diferentes herramientas en la actualidad para llevala a cabo. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los principales sistemas de telemonitorización disponibles en Chile, y su utilidad en la monitorización a distancia la terapia respiratoria de los pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio domiciliario. El avance de la tecnología sanitaría ha impactado en una mayor sobrevida de pacientes que requieren soporte ventilatorio crónico, el manejo hospitalario de estos pacientes tiene elevados costos para el sistema sanitario y las familias. En respuesta a esto durante los últimos años se han creado en el sistema público de salud de Chile programas de soporte ventilatorio domiciliario. En este contexto la telemonitorización surge como una herramienta que permite optimizar el seguimiento y el ajuste oportuno de los parámetros ventilatorios en los pacientes que reciben soporte ventiltorio domiciliario. Además busca disminuir los costos y aumentar la seguridad.
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