Polarization of He 3 when used as a buffer gas for optically pumped rubidium vapor has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experiment shows that the coupling between a rubidium and He 3 atom is scalar in form (i.e., I* S) and is about three orders of magnitude greater than would be expected from the direct magnetic interaction of the dipoles associated with each atom. A theoretical explanation of this effect, which depends upon the overlap of the Rb valence electron with the electrons of the He 3 atom is presented and is in agreement with experiment. Experiments concerning the optical pumping of metastable He 3 atoms in order to produce ground-state polarization are described. Polarizations of 60% in 1-Torr (1 STP mm) samples at room temperature and 56% in 3-Torr samples at 77°K have been achieved. The process of metastable pumping works only at these lower pressures. Mercury liquid is shown experimentally, however, to present a poor surface for He 3 relaxation. This result opens the possibility of achieving high polarization at high pressure using metastable pumping and gas compression. Various wall coatings of He 3 samples are found to have only small effects upon relaxation rates. A 3.1-amagat (1 STP atm) sample in Pyrex but of high purity is found to have a relaxation time of 2X10 4 sec. This value sets present limits upon the experimental He 3 -He 3 relaxation cross section. A new effect which involves relaxation processes of the He 3 polarization in a magnetic field with a gradient is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The results of both theory and experiment are in close agreement with each other. An effect involving enhanced polarization of either sign of spin temperature of a high-pressure sample of He 3 in which a gas discharge is struck, and which is in a 10-kG field, is described experimentally.

The classical theory of electromagnetism including magnetic monopoles is formulated in terms of harmonic functions. The fact that there is no consistent action-integral formulation of the field that yields both particle and field equations for both electric and magnetic charges is discussed in detail. It is seen that a consistent formulation can be developed through an action integral, but, in such a development, a monopole does not have what has been considered to be an appropriate interaction with either an electric charge or another monopole.

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