PurposeTo describe the use of a ruler to increase the accuracy and customization of Lester Jones tube placement.Materials and methodsThis was a review of 92 patients who underwent minimally invasive conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy using this instrument.ResultsThe success rate was 100%, with an average operating time of 15 minutes. In nine patients, late migration of the Jones tube into the nasal cavity required a secondary intervention, with successful Jones tube repositioning. In five cases, obstruction of the tube opening was caused by conjunctival overgrowth.ConclusionThe millimetric ruler engraved in the sleeve of the trocar allows measuring and placing a personalized tube for each patient.

Delleman syndrome is an unusual entity, characterized by ocular cysts or microphthalmia, focal dermal anomalies and cerebral malformations. In the following article, we carry out a review of the disease and we present the case of a patient with microphthalmos and palpebral coloboma. As we could not put orbital expanders at an early stage, we performed reconstructive surgery.

PAA is a very rare and aggressive tumor. Because it is so infrequent, treatments are based on the sporadic cases encountered in the literature. As more cases are reported, more can be elucidated about the characteristics of this tumor, its behavior and best treatment choice and this may allow progress in the understanding and management of this disease.

RESUMEN. El concepto de validez jurídica reviste enorme importancia para la teoría y la práctica del derecho en tanto se asocia a la existencia o inexistencia de la norma jurídica. Más allá de su vinculación originaria y decisiva a Hans Kelsen, no solo es posible la propuesta de un concepto justificativo de validez jurídica (no descriptivo) asociado a la justificación racional de la norma, sino que el mismo resulta plenamente funcional al Estado de derecho constitucional y democrático.De ese modo, la norma obliga en tanto es válida, y lo es en la medida que resulte racional; identicándose hasta once requisitos en orden a dicha justificación racional. La teoría auspiciada que reconcilia prudencial o ponderativamente la razón con el derecho, tiene como sustento doctrinario al realismo jurídico clásico y autores vinculados al llamado neoconstitucionalismo no-positivista (en particular Robert alexy).Palabras claves: validez jurídica, justificación racional, racionalidad práctica, aceptación.

The use of parabulbar triamcinolone reduces orbital inflammation of patients with active and moderate Graves ophthalmopathy.