No abstract

Hecho en Colombia -Made in ColombiaLa Editorial Universidad Icesi no se hace responsable de las ideas expuestas bajo su nombre, las ideas publicadas, los modelos teóricos expuestos o los nombres aludidos por el(los) autor(es). El contenido publicado es responsabilidad exclusiva del(los) autor(es), no refleja la opinión de las directivas, ni el pensamiento institucional de la Universidad Icesi, ni genera responsabilidad frente a terceros en caso de omisiones o errores. Esta publicación puede ser reproducida sin autorización si se citan título, los autores y la fuente institucional.Todas las fotografías de este libro se adquirieron de unsplash.com y pixabay.com y se cuenta con el permiso para su inclusión en esta publicación.

Background EQ-5D-5L is a standardized health outcomes instrument that can be added to national surveys to measure inequality in health outcomes. The aim of this study was to produce baseline values of health inequality using EQ-5D-5L for five countries in the Caribbean Basin region based on national surveys in 2012-2014. Methods The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was included in adult population surveys of Barbados, Belize, Colombia, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. EQ-5D-5L measures were calculated for demographic groups using stratifiers from the World Health Organization's PROGRESS-Plus framework, and generalized linear models were used to test for association between EQ-5D-5L and the PROGRESS-Plus variables. Ordered logit models were used to obtain odds ratios for the effect of the PROGRESS-Plus variables on reporting problems on the EQ-5D-5L dimensions. The Kakwani index was calculated for each country. Results Data were obtained for representative samples in each country, giving a combined total of 11,284 respondents. Different patterns of inequality were observed among the five countries. The biggest drivers of inequality were age and gender, and the biggest EQ-5D factors were self-care in Belize and pain/discomfort in the other four countries. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the EQ-5D-5L instrument can easily be added to national surveys. Inequality measures from this study can be used as baseline values for comparisons with future similar surveys in these five countries to infer changes in health inequality as measured by EQ-5D outcomes. These can be used to track the performance of policy initiatives aimed at specific demographic groups. Key Points for Decision MakersEQ-5D-5L is a standardized health outcomes instrument that can be added to national surveys to measure inequality in health outcomes.This study provides baseline values of inequality measures using EQ-5D-5L for five countries against which comparisons can be made with data from future studies.These can be used to track the performance of policy initiatives aimed at specific demographic groups.

This article presents and analyzes the results, for Colombia, of a cross-cultural research study of entrepre­neurial intentions conducted between Gasse and Tremblay (2009) at the University of Laval in Canada and professors at Icesi University, based on a review of samples of students from Canada, France, Tunisia, and Colombia. In the case of Colombia, a review was conducted of the per­ceptions, values, and attitudes of undergraduate students taking man­datory and elective Entrepreneurship courses at Icesi University in the first semester of 2009. The results make it possible to evaluate the students’ behaviors in relation to the entre­preneurial process and provide the basis of conclusions relative to the educational process implemented at Icesi University.

En este libro se ha dado énfasis a los entornos económicos y empresariales, pues es allí donde la política pública de apoyo a los procesos de creación y desarrollo de empresas tiene el mayor efecto. El hecho de que la economía colombiana se haya recuperado y presente, a la fecha de escritura de este informe, cifras muy favorables de crecimiento de algunos indicadores económicos (PIB, PIB-PC, tasa de empleo, índice GINI, porcentaje de población bajo línea de pobreza, etc.), aun con respecto a momentos prepandemia, es el resultado de un esfuerzo conjunto entre el gobierno y los empresarios y por ello se investigaron los programas y las acciones, que tanto el Gobierno como los empresarios pusieron en marcha para iniciar el proceso de recuperación [Rodrigo Varela Villegas].