Alkaline water electrolysis, a promising technology for clean energy storage, is constrained by extrinsic factors in addition to intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. To begin to compare between catalytic materials for electrolysis applications, these extrinsic factors must first be understood and controlled. Here, we modify extrinsic electrode properties and study the effects of bubble release to examine how the electrode and surface design impact the performance of water electrolysis. We fabricate robust and cost-effective electrodes through a sequential three-dimensional (3D) printing and metal deposition procedure. Through a systematic assessment of the deposition procedure, we confirm the close relationship between extrinsic electrode properties (i.e., wettability, surface roughness, and electrochemically active surface area) and electrochemical performance. Modifying the electrode geometry, size, and electrolyte flow rate results in an overpotential decrease and different bubble diameters and lifetimes for the hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Hence, we demonstrate the essential role of the electrode architecture and forced electrolyte convection on bubble release. Additionally, we confirm the suitability of ordered, Ni-coated 3D porous structures by evaluating the HER/OER performance, bubble dissipation, and long-term stability. Finally, we utilize the 3D porous electrode as a support for studying a benchmark NiFe electrocatalyst, confirming the robustness and effectiveness of 3D-printed electrodes for testing electrocatalytic materials while extrinsic properties are precisely controlled. Overall, we demonstrate that tailoring electrode architectures and surface properties result in precise tuning of extrinsic electrode properties, providing more reproducible and comparable conditions for testing the efficiency of electrode materials for water electrolysis.

École nationale vétérinaire, 94i01 Maisons dlfovt RÉSUMÉ Quatre souches d'entérovirus du groupe I (Teschen-Talfan) ont été isolées à partir de petites enzooties de poliomyélite du Porc. La maladie et les lésions ont été reproduites chez le porcelet. La preuve est donc apportée de l'existence de la maladie de Talfan en France. SUMMARY ISOLATION OF THE TAI,FAN DISEASE VIRUS IN FRANCE Four strains of the enterovirus of group I (Teschen-Talfan) have been isolated from small enzooties of swine polyomyelitis. The disease and its lesions have been replicated in the piglet. Thus, the existence of Talfan's disease in France is proved.

Autrefois dépositaire du trésor des Kamehameha, aujourd'hui (( source permanente d'enseignement A Les cent ans du Musée Bishop, l à Hawaii Façade de l'édifice datant du XIX~ siècle où sont exposées la plupart des collections du Musée Bishop ; la Salle hawaiienne est à droite : et la Salle polynésienne est derrière la tour qui coiffe l'entrée du bâtiment.

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