Purpose: To analyze the microscopic characteristics of the effect of Gallium-Aluminum Arsenid diode laser (GaAlAs830ηm) applied during the activation and consolidation period to ovine mandibles submitted to distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Eighteen sheep underwent surgery in order to have bone distractors implanted in the left side of the jaw area. They were divided into three groups: 1 -Control; 2 -Laser irradiation during the activation period; 3 -Laser irradiation during the fixation period. The irradiation was carried out in five sessions, on every other day, with 4,0J/cm 2 doses applied to four pre-established areas, totaling 16J per session. After four days of latency under post-operative care, ten days of distractor activation (at 1mm/day) and twenty-one days of fixation the animals were sacrificed and the devices removed for microscopic analysis. Results: The groups that received laser irradiation (GaAlAs) presented a greater amount of mineralized bone trabeculae when compared to the Control Group. Despite that, cartilaginous tissues were also found in Group 2. Conclusion:The laser has been more favorable when used in the consolidation period, after bone elongation. Key words: Lasers. Bone lengthening. Wound healing. Sheep. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar as características microscópicas do efeito do laser diodo de Arsenieto de Gálio-Alumínio (AsGaAl830ηm), aplicado no período de ativação e consolidação de mandíbulas de ovelhas submetidas a distração osteogênica. Métodos: Dezoito ovinos foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico para colocação de distrator ósseo em região de mandíbula do lado esquerdo, sendo divididos em três grupos: 1 -Controle; 2 -Irradiação de laser no período de ativação; 3 -Irradiação de laser no período de contenção. As irradiações foram feitas em cinco seções em dias alternados, com doses de 4,0J/cm 2 em quatro pontos pré-determinados, somando 16J por seção. Após quatro dias de latência no pós-operatório, 10 dias de ativação do distrator (1 mm/dia) e 21 dias de contenção os animais foram mortos e as peças removidas para análise microscópica. Resultados: Os resultados foram que os grupos irradiados com laser (AsGaAl) apresentaram maior disposição de trabéculas ósseas mineralizadas em relação ao grupo controle, contudo, no Grupo 2 foi observada a presença de tecido cartilaginoso. Conclusão: O laser atuou de forma mais favorável quando utilizado no período de consolidação, após o alongamento ósseo. Descritores: Lasers. Alongamento ósseo. Cicatrização de feridas. Ovinos.

PURPOSE: To analyze bone repair process in Wistar rats' calvaria, with the use of two different biomaterials. METHODS: Forty two male Wistar rats were used, and four bicortical cranial cavities were created in each animal. The cavities were filled with: bioactive glass (BG); calcium sulfate barrier (CSB); bioactive glass covered with calcium sulfate barrier (BG/CSB); and autogenous blood clot (control). The animals were euthanized 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, e 120 days after surgery. The scalps were removed and submitted to a routine process for histological preparation: staining with Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE). RESULTS: The BG was not completely resorbed; however, after 60 days, a decrease in size as well as a change in the morphological granule were observed. CSB was not observed in the last group (after 120 days). CONCLUSIONS: In Wistar rat calvaria bioactive glass, in an isolated form, negatively interfered in the bone repair process; the calcium sulfate barrier, in an isolated form, presented the capacity to maintain space, allowing the flow of osteogenic cells; the bioactive glass covered with calcium sulfate barrier association presented a better osteoconductive capacity when compared to isolated materials; calcium sulfate barrier was completely resorbed after 90 days; control cavities did not completely heal until 120 days after surgery.

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The pandemic status of the Novel Coronavirus 2019 has affected many countries around the world, due to the high virulence of the SARS-CoV-2, the recommended protocol to prevent infection is social isolation. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of patients admitted and their epidemiological data on a Level 1 Trauma Hospital after the declaration of the pandemic status and the first week of mandatory lockdown, with the same period of time in the last year. This was a retrospective study of medical records from the patients admitted in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Joa ˜o XXIII Hospital, between the March 24 and March 31 of 2020 and the same period of the last year. There was a 52.27% decrease in the total number of patients and 76.34% decrease in the total consultations of the service of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the lockdown. All the groups presented a decrease in significance with motor vehicle accidents events, the group 11 to 20 years old presented an increase on the correlation with violence (P ¼ 0.019) and falls (P ¼ 0.002). When comparing both sex with the etiologies, the male one presented an increase in the correlation with violence and falls. The female sex presented correlations only with the minor causes. No valid significance was observed when comparing females with violence events. The lockdown is an effective way to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19, the hospital usage and occupation.