Treatment should be individualized. Guidelines are suggested. Priority is given to secure the airways. The CO 2 laser is useful when used cautiously. Steroids may be beneficial. Excision is for stubborn cases.

Head and neck schwannomas are uncommon tumors that may affect any peripheral, cranial, or autonomic nerve. This explains their variation in terms of location, clinical presentation, and outcome after surgical resection. History, physical examination, fine needle aspiration, and magnetic resonance imaging are used as diagnostic modalities. Cure entails a complete resection, all attempts being made to preserve the nerve of origin. Otherwise, immediate reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation should be undertaken in the context of a multidisciplinary management team.

Patients using TES had similar V-RQOL outcomes compared to ES and both performed significantly better than ELS. For ELS, the total V-RQOL score was better with longer time after surgery and older age.

The PMPF for head and neck reconstruction is associated with a limitation in neck ROM attributed to a loss in extension and reduced shoulder strength and ROM.

Laryngeal ACC is a rare disease with a high rate of distant recurrence. Its management should emphasize maximizing local and regional disease control by surgery followed by radiotherapy with distant disease failure eventually dictating survival.