This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the PAGE-B and REACH-B scores in predicting the risk of developing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B regularly followed up at a reference service in the State of Maranhão. A historical, longitudinal, retrospective cohort study, carried out from the review of medical records of patients with chronic Hepatitis B. PAGE-B and REACH-B scores were calculated and the accuracy of the scores in predicting the risk of HCC in the studied population was evaluated. A total of 978 patients were included, with a median age of around 47 years, most of them female and not cirrhotic. HCC was identified in 34 patients. Thrombocytopenia, high viral load, male gender and age were associated with the occurrence of HCC. The ROC curve for the PAGE-B score showed a value of 0.78 and for the REACH-B score of 0.79. The cutoff point for PAGE-B was 11 points for greater sensitivity and for REACH-B 7.5 points considering greater sensitivity and 9.5 points considering greater specificity. PAGE-B and REACH-B scores were able to predict the risk of developing HCC in the studied population. The use of risk stratification scores is useful to reduce costs associated with HCC screening.

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.

Apesar de que a biópsia hépatica, seja considerada padrão-ouro no estadiamento e  diagnostico da fibrose hepática, podemos também utilizar outros mecanismos menos invasivos e de menor custo para conseguir estimativas para tal. Dentre eles podemos citar o APRI e o FIB-4, metodos que utilizam apenas a coleta sanguinea e com dados de laboratorio hepatico e hemograma conseguimos aplicar em escores sensiveis, porem pouco especificos para o estadiamento da fibrose.  Objetivo avaliar a acuracia de ambos escores com a biópsia hepática atraves de um estudo restrospectivo, onde 74 pacientes submetidos a fibrose, tiveram seus escores APRI e FIB-4 calculados, após isso seus valores de acuracia foram comparados  com os valores da biopsia hepática. Com isso constatamos uma acuracia de 85% no APRI P<0,05 e aproximadamente 88% no FIB-4 P<0,05). Portanto os scores podem ser utilizados, mas devido a baixa especificidade, não podem ser utilizados de forma isolada, devendo ser associado a historia clinica, uma boa anamnese, exame clinico, complementares e em ultima instância, a propria biópsia hepática.