Dramatically scale capacity for isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine Ensure the healthcare system can respond to potential surges Protect essential workers and at-risk populations Develop a strong and clear communication and public engagement plan Create a framework for reopening Set the criteria and define the stages for reopening Build partnerships between public and private sectors to implement the plan
Background: Breast cancer is the most common and life-threatening cancer in females characterized by the abnormal proliferation of tumor cells in lobules and ducts. For years, many anti-breast cancer drugs have been tested with some of them showing severe health problems and drug resistance. Recently, different biological and pharmacological actions of bee venom have been indicated to play anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory role against different cancers especially breast cancer. Methods: This review study is based on PubMed, Google Scholar and PubMed search. Search terms used were Melittin, Breast cancer and Honey Bee Venom. Results: Many studies have shown that a positively charged C-terminal sequence of mellitin facilitates plasma membrane contact and antitumor action. Precise targeting and selective activity of melittin has been found in recent studies as it suppresses the activation of growth factor receptors in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer that are generally difficult to treat. Significantly, it leaves healthy cells intact. The most striking feature of melittin is the pore formation property. Monomers of melittin bind to the plasma membrane of cancer cells in a collective manner and start forming pores, ultimately bringing cell lysis. Conclusion: Since melittin has a very selective action against the HER-2 related tumors, a combinational therapy of melittin and HER-2 targeted agents could be a very potent strategy in breast cancer. This review reflects the importance of honey bee venom and melittin as a potential therapy for aggressive breast cancer.
Nanotechnology embraces the research and technological advancement in a novel category of materials at the macromolecular, molecular and atomic level that is rapidly attaining considerable recognition worldwide. It involves the study of devices and structures ranging from 1-to 100-nanometers in length scale known as nanomaterials that take up specific novel properties. Due to their unique small size, enhanced solubility, surface tailor ability, multi-functionality, shape dependent inherent physicochemical properties, many new biological advances in various fields are opened including medicine, biology, engineering and electronics. The ability of nanomaterial to interact with elaborate biological functions in innovative ways permits cross-disciplinary researchers the chance to plan and develop multifunctional nanoparticles that can target, diagnose, and treat diseases such as cancer. Nanomaterials have vital role in diagnostics, detection to therapeutic and treatment level. Hybrid nanomaterials exhibit higher efficiency as they are the combination of organic and inorganic nanomaterials and their both therapeutics and diagnostics functions can be directed in a single dose. They are specialized form having specific properties and give incredible biomedical, therapeutics and treatment applications. However, there might be health implications associated with it. This review article aims to present an overview of nanomaterials and discuss their biological applications in different areas.
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