Background: Tuberculosis is an airborne infection that causes lung damage, and it is particularly harmful to patients with weakened immune systems or other health problems. Allopathic medications are associated with development of cross resistance or multidrug resistance in diseases such as TB, making treatment more difficult. In this case, Herbal remedies are the most effective in treating this disease. Medicinal plants with antituberculotic qualities provide pharmacists with a new supply of medicine, allowing them to create novel drugs depending on their active constituents or intermediate metabolites. Objective: Many recent studies have shown that ayurvedic medicines can reduce mortality dramatically when administered in such situations because they interact with the body's natural environment. Ayurvedic medicine is growing in popularity due to its low toxicity study and lack of side effects when compared to allopathic treatments. Conclusion: Considering botanical categorization and anti-tubercular action, Anti-tubercular medicinal herbs have been chosen from scientific literature for this review. A primary objective of this study is to highlight antituberculosis plants, their chemical compounds, and their anti-tubercular properties.

The numbers of products based on new drug delivery systems have considerably increased in the past few years, and this growth is projected to carry on in the future. These bio-pharmaceuticals present challenges to drug delivery system because of their different nature and difficulty in delivery through conventional routes. Therefore, further research will focus on the delivery of these complex molecules through different routes, including nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, rectal, etc. The intend of the study was to formulate and evaluate ethosomes of Sesbania grandiflora leaves which may transport the drug to targeted site more efficiently than marketed gel preparation and also overcome the problems related with oral administration of drug. Trans-dermal drug delivery is a technique which can be exploited to overcome the variables, which could affect the oral absorption of drugs such as pH, food intake and gastrointestinal motility. As compared to liposome or hydro-alcoholic solution ethosomal systems were much more capable at delivering a fluorescent probe to the skin in terms of quantity and depth. The formulations were prepared with ethanol, lecithin, propylene glycol, and glycerol and were evaluated. The lecithin (phospholipids) used as a vesicles forming component, polyglycol and ethanol used as a skin penetration enhancer. The drug released of formulated ethosomal gel was 4-5 times improved as compared to non ethosomal gel which directly achieves unparalleled flexibility in formulation. Ethosomal gel successfully addresses the issues relating to the drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, peptides, potent drugs and the release of multi-drugs.

The phosphate prodrug approach has emerged as a viable option for increasing the bioavailability of a drug candidate with low hydrophilicity and poor cell membrane permeability. When a phosphoric acid moiety is attached to the parent drug, it results in a several-fold elevation in aqueous solubility which helps to achieve desired bioavailability of the pharmaceutically active parental molecule. The neutral phosphate prodrugs have rapid diffusion ability through the plasma membrane as compared to their charged counterpart. The presence of phosphate mono ester breaking alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme throughout the whole human body, is the main consideration behind the development of phosphate prodrug strategy. The popularity of this phosphate prodrug strategy is increasing nowadays due to the fulfillment of different desired pharmacokinetic characteristics required to get pharmaceutical and therapeutic responses without showing any serious adverse drug reactions (ADR). This review article mainly focuses on various phosphate prodrugs synthesized within the last decade to get an improved pharmacological response of the parent moiety along with various preclinical and clinical challenges associated with this approach. Emphasis is also given to the chemical mechanism to release the parent moiety from the prodrug.

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