Introduction: ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable ocular morbidity and blindness in addition to socioeconomic and psychological ramifications.The spectrum of ocular trauma ranges from minor injuries to very severe sight threatening injuries. Trauma is inevitable in war zone and routine army exercises.There are very few studies establishing relationship between occupation and ocular trauma in armed forces. This study was conducted to provide us with epidemiological data on ocular trauma cases in a mid-zonal hospital of armed forces in north-east region of India. Aim: to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with ocular trauma among the soldiers of armed forces deployed in north eastern zone.Materials and Methods: a prospective study was carried on 210 eyes of 200 patients of ocular trauma, presenting to emergency department and outpatient department in a mid-zonal hospital located at Dimapur, Nagaland, during twenty four months period. All demographic data, mode of injury along with complete ophthalmic workup was recorded. Classification system of Birmingham eye trauma terminology system was followed and ocular trauma score was calculated. Results:The best corrected visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/60 or better among 65%, worse than 6/60 were 25% and 10% were could not perceive light. In gender distribution male outnumbers females 69% and 31% respectively. Most of the cases were belonging to age groups of 30 years and younger 58%. In this study we found out that soldiers working in operations, training, sports and handling machineries (Outdoor) were more prone to trauma > 50% and soldiers of technical trade (Indoor) were least prone 5%. Among the children, school going population was more prone 16% and pre school was less prone being 8%.Adenexal injuries 35% were followed by contusions 25% and perforation being least 2%. Zone I 65% injuries out numbers the zone II and Zone III. Conclusion:our study shows that whenever zone III is involved, the prognosis always remains guarded.Trauma is inevitable in war scenario, and for those sustaining trauma, multisurgeon intervention is needed. Wearing protective polycarbonate eye wear will minimize work related and sports related injuries.

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BACKGROUNDLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and also the eyes, apart from some other structures. The area served by our center falls in those few endemic regions with dist. Indore having prevalence rate of 1.12/10,000 population as on March, 2015 Hence, the present study was performed to analyse the profile and magnitude of leprosy patients subsequently assessing the current situation of leprosy at a tertiary level referral center in central India.

Background: Corneal diseases are one of the major causes of blindness and visual impairment in developing countries. Penetrating keratoplasty is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donor corneal tissue. Aim was to determine the indications of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in a tertiary health care centre of North India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the records of 288 patients, who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) from January 2016 to December 2018 at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS Rohtak were included in this study.  All patients who underwent PK during this time period were included in our study except those who underwent regrafting.Results: A total of 288 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) surgery were included in our study. Out of 288, 184 (63.88%) were males and 104 (36.11%) were females. In our study, 162 (56.25%) patients underwent optical PK, 76 (26.38%) had tectonic PK and 50 (17.36%) underwent therapeutic PK. Most common indication for optical PK was bullous keratopathy followed by corneal opacity. Most common reason for tectonic PK was found to be corneal perforation while for therapeutic PK was sloughing corneal ulcer followed by recalcitrant fungal keratitis.Conclusions: Though bullous keratopathy (BK) was the most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty in North India, but in our study 27% patients had tectonic PK and 17% patients underwent therapeutic PK which is significantly higher than documented data from South India and developed countries. It can be because of low literacy level, lack of awareness and late presentation to ophthalmologist in North India.