We hypothesized the smoothness of the border between the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) associates with the frequency of macular edema (ME) recurrences secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Thirty-seven consecutive eyes with BRVO treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections at 1-year follow-up were included. We manually traced the border between the INL and OPL within the 1.5-mm vertical line from the fovea on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at the initial visit. The jagged ratio (JR), the border length divided by the spline curve length, was calculated. We performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses, including JR, patient characteristics, number of cystoid spaces in the INL, INL area, and outer retina area. Multivariate regression analysis showed JR significantly correlates with the total number of anti-VEGF injections (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the mean JR was significantly lower in the nine eyes receiving two or fewer injections than in the 28 eyes receiving three or more injections (1.02 ± 0.01 vs. 1.13 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001). A smooth border between the INL and the OPL on OCT images at the initial visit may be a biomarker for fewer ME recurrences in eyes with BRVO.

Purpose: To determine if the status of the border between the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) is associated with the number of macular edema (ME) recurrences secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive eyes with BRVO treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs were included. In optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at the initial visit, the border between the INL and OPL within the 1.5-mm vertical line from the fovea was manually traced using ImageJ software. The jagged ratio (JR), i.e., the border length divided by the spline curve length of the border was calculated using the “Spline fit” mode in the software.Results: The mean JR was 1.1± 0.07 (range, 1.01-1.27). The JR was correlated significantly with the number of anti-VEGF injections/year (P<0.0001, r=0.721). Among 37 eyes, nine (24.3%) received two or fewer injections/year, and their JRs were less than 1.05. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only the JR was correlated significantly with the number of anti-VEGF injections/year (P<0.0001). Conclusions: A smooth border between the INL and the OPL on OCT images at the initial visit may be a biomarker for fewer ME recurrences in eyes with BRVO.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is characterized by acute severe hypoxemia with bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after transfusion of a plasma-containing blood component. In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the incidence of TRALI is high; however, the detailed clinical course is unknown. Here, we report a case of life-threatening TRALI following pulmonary thrombectomy, which was successfully treated with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO).