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Biopharmaceuticals such as antibodies are produced in cultivated mammalian cells, which must be monitored to comply with good manufacturing practice. We, therefore, developed a fully automated system comprising a specific exhaust gas analyzer, inline analytics and a corresponding algorithm to precisely determine the oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, carbon dioxide transfer rate, transfer quotient and respiratory quotient without interrupting the ongoing cultivation, in order to assess its reproducibility. The system was verified using chemical simulation experiments and was able to measure the respiratory activity of hybridoma cells and DG44 cells (derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells) with satisfactory results at a minimum viable cell density of ~2.0 × 10(5) cells ml(-1). The system was suitable for both batch and fed-batch cultivations in bubble-aerated and membrane-aerated reactors, with and without the control of pH and dissolved oxygen.

Hydrocephalus patients with increased intracranial pressure are generally treated by draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the abdomen through an implanted shunt with a passive differential pressure valve. To perfectly adapt the valve's opening pressure to the patient's need, more information on the acutal pressure across the valve in everyday life actions like walking, eating, sleeping etc. is necessary.

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