The results of changes in the yield and quality of pear fruit on the clone rootstock of A quince grown again after a logged-off old pear tree garden using optimum levels of N and K2O content in the rooting soil layer in the presence of P2O5 in it more optimal level without fertilizers are given. Norms of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are calculated on the basis of agrochemical soil analyzes in such quantities to compensate for the lack of N-NO3 (in terms of nitrification capacity of the soil) and available K2O forms for plant nutrition and bring their content to the optimal levels determined by studies for apples and recommended for pears. The studies have established that pear fertilizers are calculated on the basis of agricultural chemical analysis of soil with fertilizer standards containing only those elements and in such quantities that are not sufficient in the soil for optimal nutrition of trees, contribute to a significant increase in the yield of fruits with less technological costs. Accordingly, higher profitability of production and safety for the ecological state of the environment are ensured, compared to the annual introduction of the recommended norm of N90Ð60Ê90.

The establishment of rational terms and methods of mechanised pruning of apple trees on dwarf rootstocks determine the relevance of the subject under study. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current state and issues associated with tree pruning to improve the technology of growing and increasing the productivity of plantations yielding high-quality fruit with a rational period of mechanised pruning of apple trees on a dwarf rootstock. Proceeding from the analysed literature sources, this paper highlights the current state and development trends of horticulture. A gradual increase in apple production in Europe observed, but an important factor limiting the growth of fruit production is labour productivity accompanying the laborious processes of tree trimming and harvesting. The seasonal nature of work involving numerous skilled workers leads to a shortage of labour force in horticulture. With the increase in wages and the decrease in the number of workers in agricultural production, the introduction of elements of mechanised care for plantations, namely mechanised pruning of the crown, is gaining more significance. The solution to the problem is to improve modern technology of growing apple orchards, using mechanised pruning and the formation of fruit wall in particular. This will allow balancing the available number of employees involved in fruit cultivation and orchards area, and, if necessary, moving away from seasonal work. This paper investigates the specific features of the use and the influence of different periods of mechanised pruning, in particular in winter (0 BBCH), in the pink bud phase (59 BBCH), in early summer (74 BBCH), after harvesting (93 BBCH), and considers the mechanisms used for this purpose. The study proves the positive influence of this technology on improving setting illumination of the crown and the content of chlorophyll in the leaf, optimisation of growth processes with a considerable increase in the number of formed buds. The increase in yield and its marketable quality is accompanied by reducing the size of the fruit, the ripening time of which is somewhat delayed. However, the chemical composition and taste of the fruits are not inferior to the cultivation technology involving manual pruning. The practical significance of the obtained results is to improve the technology of growing apple trees using mechanised pruning and manual maintenance of the inter-tree space, which ensures a considerable reduction in the need for skilled manual labour and increases productivity

ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СУНИЦІ САДОВОЇ ЗА РІЗНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ В. П. КАРПЕНКО, доктор сільськогосподарських наук А. П. БУРЛЯЙ, кандидат економічних наук Р. М. БУЦИК, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук В. М. МАЙБОРОДА, завідувач навчально-науково-виробничою лабораторією біотехнології Уманський національний університет садівництва Підвищенню ростової і генеративної продуктивності суниці садової та отриманню якісного врожаю сприяє вирощування її за екологічно спрямованою технологією, що передбачає максимальне насичення традиційної технології елементами біологізації. За такої технології найвищу продуктивність суниця формує за утримання ґрунту під чорними агротканиною і плівкою в рядах та соломою-у міжряддях.

The apple tree is a leading fruit crop in Ukraine in terms of production volumes and planting areas and is a valuable food product with a high content of vitamins. In new modern plantings, fruit producers prefer intensive cultivation technologies that ensure the maximum amount of high-quality fruit yield per unit area. The main criterion for solving this problem is the design of plantings: a narrow-row scheme for planting trees and a low-volume crown shape. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the pruning period of different types of crown formations on the growth and productivity of apple trees of two varieties: Fuji and Honey Crisp. The study was conducted in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Uman National University of Horticulture). The scheme of planting was 4x1 m, M.9 rootstock, chernozem sod-podzolic soil, drip irrigation. Field, statistical, and computational-analytical methods were used in the course of the study. It was identified that the growth pattern of the examined varieties differed substantially, and crown volume, projection area, and development of the feeding area prevailed in Honey Crisp trees. However, in terms of productivity, the plantings of the Fuji variety substantially exceeded the values of the Honey Crisp variety. Forming a ballerina crown with the removal of overgrown wood in a 25 cm zone on the central trunk above the lower tier of semi-cellular branches provided an increase in the growth activity of the examined trees by 3-5%. A substantial decrease in the values of crown parameters was provided by the formation of the French axis crown – there was a decrease in the crown diameter by 44%, the crown volume – by 67%, and the crown projection area and the development of the feeding area – by 69%. Performing additional summer pruning of trees also helped to reduce growth activity by 6-11%. However, the specific productivity of plantings doubled in plantings with the formation of the French axis and by 45-50% with the introduction of double pruning of trees. It is recommended that agricultural producers investigate the terms of pruning low-volume crown forms, considering varietal characteristics, to create compacted apple stands and increase the intensification of production

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of a modern system of enterprises, organizations and institutions' development 38