One of the most common autoimmune diseases is autoimmune thyroiditis. There are currently few publications describing the role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, with special attention to Hashimoto thyroiditis, deficiencies of many vitamins are observed. These include antioxidant vitamins, such as A, C and E. There are also deficiencies of vitamin D. The proper diet demand for the vitamins above is an essential element supporting the adequate functioning of the thyroid gland. Medical data suggest the beneficial role of vitamin deficiencies, particularly vitamin D, in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases and supplementation. Literature review indicates the need for further research in this area. This article is a review of the medical literature on the subject of autoimmune diseases and vitamin deficiencies in autoimmune thyroiditis. For this purpose, a scientific database was searched for the following keywords: autoimmune diseases, immune system, hypersensitivity, vitamins, vitamin deficiencies, autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis.