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Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang berlimpah, yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional untuk masyarakat. Daun Gelinggang (Senna alata L) memiliki aktivitas antijamur berdasarkan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin steroid, alkaloid yang diharapkan dapat menjadi alternativ lain dalam pengobatan antijamur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar flavonoid total dari fraksi Daun Gelinggang dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis kualitatif mengidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid sedangkan analisis kuantitatif untuk menentukan kadar flavonoid menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-vis yang akan diperoleh nilai dari absorbansi dimasukkan ke dalam persamaan regresi linear yaitu y = bx + a yang diperoleh dari kurva kalibrasi perbandingan dan hasil dinyatakan dalam satuan mg/gram dan persen. Hasil penelitian dari identifikasi uji warna shinoda pada ekstrak daun gelinggang positif mengandung flavonoid yang berwarna hijau lumut dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total dari daun gelinggang sebesar 2,563%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi n-heksana memiliki kadar flavonoid sebesar 2,563%. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of the n-Hexane Fraction of Gelinggang Leaf Extract by UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method Abstract: Indonesia has abundant natural resources, which are used as traditional medicine for the community. Gelinggang leaf (Senna alata L) have antifungal activity based on secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, saponins, steroid tannins, and alkaloids which are expected to be other alternatives in antifungal treatment. The research objective is to analyze the total flavonoid content of the Gelinggang Leaf fraction using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. This study used qualitative analysis to identify flavonoid compounds and quantitative analysis to determine flavonoid levels using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The absorbance value obtained is entered into the linear regression equation, namely y = bx + a from the comparison calibration curve and the results are expressed in units of mg/gram and percent. The results of the identification of the Shinoda color test on Gelinggang leaf extract were positive for moss-green flavonoids and the determination of the total flavonoid content of Gelinggang leaf was 2.563%. From this study, it can be concluded that the n-hexane fraction has a flavonoid content of 2.563%. Keywords: Gelinggang Leaf, N-hexane Fraction, Total Flavonoid Content, UV-VIS Spectrophotometry Method.

Improving traffic safety is a priority of most transportation agencies around the world. As part of traffic safety management strategies, efforts have focused on developing more accurate crash-frequency models and on identifying contributing factors in order to implement better countermeasures to improve traffic safety. Over time, models have increased in complexity and computational time. Bayesian models using the MCMC method have been commonly used in traffic safety analyses because of their ability to deal with complex models. Recently, the INLA approach has appeared as an alternative to the MCMC method by significantly reducing the computing time. In this study, an INLA-CAR model is developed to assess crashes by severity at the segment level on a highway section in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and is compared with a Bayesian non-spatial model. Results of the DIC show the importance of including spatial correlation in the models. The coefficient estimates show that AADT is the most influential in both models and across all severity types; however, the coefficient estimates for land use and horizontal alignment vary across severity types. Finally, in order to assess some limitations of the DIC, three other goodness-of-fit measures are used to crossvalidate the results of the DIC.

Addressing fatalities on road is a major concern in most countries in the world. South-East Asian countries are no exception. In Indonesia, three persons die on road every hour. Understanding where and how road traffic crashes happen is imperative before the most efficient countermeasures can be devised and implemented. In this paper, three tools-hot spots, hot zones and hot clusters-are used to identify sections of two main highways in the Province of Aceh that require most urgent action. Many countermeasures have been developed to address the problem of black sites (hot spots). Examples of implementation often come from Australia, Europe or North America. Less research exists on countermeasures in hot zones, even less so in the Global South (less developed countries from Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America). This research applies quantitative spatial analysis that builds on existing works using the hot zone methodology and goes a step further by suggesting relevant countermeasures. More precisely, by taking into consideration the global urban-rural divide, this paper attempts to identify the most dangerous highway sections, in Indonesia, and to suggest appropriate hot zone countermeasures based on the characteristics of these hot zones. The results showed that urban highways, when compared to rural highways, were characterized by higher crash rates and a larger number of hot zones. Formulating hot zone countermeasures in urban environments should therefore consider their associated dangerousness and environmental features. Proposed countermeasures in urban roads include a stricter monitoring of the use of helmet, seat belt and cellphone, and the development of periodic communication and awareness campaigns.

A significant unexpected outcome of transportation systems is road accidents with injuries and loss of lives. In recent years, the number of studies about the tools for analyzing accidents and road design has increased considerably. Among these tools, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) stand out for their ability to perform complex spatial analyses. However, sometimes the GIS, has been used only as a geographical database to store and represent data about accidents and road characteristics. It has also been used to represent the results of statistical studies of accidents but, these statistical studies have not been carried out with GIS. Owing to its integrated statistical-analysis capabilities GIS provides several advantages. First, it allows a more careful and accurate data selection, screening and reduction. Also, it allows a spatial analysis of the results in pre and post-processing. Second, GIS allows the development of spatial statistics that rely on geographically-referenced data. In this paper, several GIS tools used to model accidents have been examined. The understanding of these tools will help the analyst to make a better decision about which tool could be applied in each particular condition and context.