El emprendimiento aún se localiza en un ciclo de evolución debido a los obstáculos que han impedido su desarrollo más rápido; en algunos países en vías de desarrollo aún existen confusiones en la terminología o la falta de acceso a resultados concluyentes. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los factores que inciden en la creación de un emprendimiento. Las aplicaciones se enfocaron en tres aspectos: Educación y Entrenamiento Empresarial, Transferencia de Investigación y Desarrollo, y Normas Culturales y Sociales. Para el efecto, se realizó una revisión de literatura de los conceptos, hallazgos y aportes de diversos autores que fueron compilados de manera organizada y luego descritos en el documento. Bajo el planteamiento del modelo de Diaz-Casero et al, (2012), se concluye que el contexto nacional y regional impactan de forma significativa en la disposición de aperturar un negocio y que las características de nivel individual ejerce influencia general, pero dicha influencia no se mantiene en el tiempo por los distintos factores en los que se ve involucrado el futuro emprendedor.

The interplay between a heat source, primary plus secondary permeability, and hydrothermal fluids makes geothermal systems a highly dynamic environment where evolving physico-chemical conditions are recorded in alteration mineralogy. A comprehensive characterization of hydrothermal alteration is therefore essential to decipher the major processes associated with geothermal system development. In this study, we defined the hydrothermal mineralogical evolution of the Nevados de Chillán Geothermal System (NChGS), located in the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the central Andes, where the regional framework of the system is formed by a direct association with a currently active volcanic complex, a favorable structural control, and vertically inhibited fluid circulation. To characterize the secondary mineralogy present in the NChGS, we integrated optical petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and microthermometric measurements along a drill core with a depth of 1000 m at the Nieblas-1 well. These mineralogical approaches were combined with a structural field analysis to highlight the relevance of multidisciplinary study in understanding active geothermal systems. The results indicated that the evolution of the system involved four paragenetic stages, with the main processes in each phase being the heating, boiling, and mixing of fluids and re-equilibration to new physico-chemical conditions. Additionally, three hydrothermal zones were recognized: an upper argillic section, an intermediate sub-propylitic zone, and a deep propylitic domain. Sampled thermal springs are characterized by pH values of 2.4–5.9 and high SO4= concentrations (>290 ppm). These acid-sulfate steam-heated waters suggest the contribution of primary magmatic volatiles to the hydrothermal system. Alunite recorded in the alteration halos of veinlets presents at depths of 170–230 m denote the circulation of acidic fluids at these levels which were favored by reverse faults. These findings indicate that, at this depth range, the condensation of magmatic volatiles into shallow aquifers controls the recharge area of the superficial thermal manifestations. Conversely, deep-seated hydrothermal fluids correspond to near-neutral chloride fluids, with salinities ranging from 0.1 to 6.9 wt.% NaCl eq. The distribution of illite/smectite and chlorite/smectite mixed-layered minerals outline the presence of a significant clay cap, which, in this system, separates the steam-heated domain from the deep hydrothermal realm and restricts fluid circulation to existing permeable channels. Our mineralogical and structural study provides critical data for the interpretation of heat–fluid–rock interaction processes in the NChGS. The interplay between hydrothermal fluids and active faults is also discussed in the context of the complex of geological processes in active geothermal systems along the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone.

This article analyzes the characteristics of the crime of pimping based on the judicial decisions that, in application of Law 8080 and its subsequent modifications, took place in the period 2000 -2020, taking as a source of information the National Jurisprudence Base of Judicial Power. The information is arranged by summary tables, revealing the following variables: Court; Resolution Number and Year; Crimes; Number of persons processed; type of prostitution affected; applied criminal laws; summary of the rulling and the case.Based on the information collected, some typologies of the crime are established. Particularly, we discussed the complexities of the type "veiled pimping" very common among brothel owners.