This paper investigates the outage probability and ergodic capacity performances for full-duplex mode in two-way amplify-and-forward relay channels. The two-way relay channels which consist of two source nodes and a single relay node working in full-duplex mode, are assumed as independent and identically distributed as Rayleigh fading. The self-interference or loop interference of the relay is unavoidably investigated for full-duplex mode. And the close-form expressions for the outage probability and ergodic capacity of full-duplex mode are derived, considering both loop interference and the coefficients of two-way relay amplify-and-forward channels. To further facilitate the performance of full-duplex mode, the half-duplex modes over different transmission time slots are analyzed. Simulation results point out the effect of loop interference on outage probability and ergodic capacity of two-way amplify-and-forward relay channels with full-duplex mode and show that full-duplex mode can achieve better performance in terms of capacity and even outperform half-duplex modes in the presence of loop interference.

This paper investigates the effect of channel estimation errors on the capacity of full-duplex amplify-and-forward relay networks. We first derive the lower bound of the capacity in the presence of channel estimation errors and residual selfinterference due to full-duplex relaying. Accordingly, the optimal power allocation schemes in maximizing the capacity with joint power constraints are proposed for single-relay and multi-relay networks. Furthermore, optimal and suboptimal algorithms for joint relay selection and power allocation are provided for the comparison. Simulation results show the performance gains of the proposed algorithms versus per-node transmit power and relaynode number, and point out the significant effects of channel estimation errors and relay positioning on full-duplex cooperative relay networks.

Personal location technologies are becoming important with the rapid development of Mobile Internet services. In traditional cellular networks, the key problems of user location technologies are high-precision synchronization among different base stations, inflexible processing resources, and low accuracy positioning, especially for indoor environment. In this paper, a new LTE location system in Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is proposed, which makes channel and location measurement more available, allocation of baseband processing resources more flexible, and location service capability opening. The location system contains more than two antenna clusters, and each of them gets time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of sounding reference signals (SRSs) from different antennas. Then, based on data provided by location measurement units (LMUs), the location information server calculates TDOAs and derives the users’ position. Furthermore, a new location algorithm is raised which can achieve distributed antennas collaboration and centralized location computing. And an improved optimized algorithm with the best TDOA selection is proposed. Finally, simulations are given out to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in this LTE location system.

No abstract

Background Plaque psoriasis is a refractory inflammatory skin disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) therapies commonly used to treat plaque psoriasis have distinct characteristics and advantages. Although a combination of TCM and WM therapies adjusted to the clinical situation is widely used, there have been no systematic studies on the hierarchical selection of treatment combinations according to the severity of skin lesions. We therefore designed a randomized clinical trial to focus on the sequence of internal and external treatments in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis and sought to optimize the integrated Chinese and Western medicine for treatment of patients with severe plaque psoriasis, so as to achieve high-level clinical evidence and establish treatment norms for the integrated use of Chinese and Western medicines. Methods In the proposed multi-center, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 108 patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis will be randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio to receive internal and external TCM treatments, respectively, and 270 patients with severe plaque psoriasis will be randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive treatment with TCM, WM, and integrated Chinese and Western medicine, respectively. All enrolled patients will receive 8 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome will be an evaluation of efficacy and relapse rate based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index . Secondary outcome measures will include a determination of affected body surface area, physician’s global assessment, pruritus scores determined using a visual analogue scale, TCM symptom score, dermatology life quality Index, patient-reported quality of life score, and incidence of serious adverse events. Discussion This study will provide a high level of clinical evidence for internal and external TCM treatment optimization and will contribute to establishing norms for the integration of Chinese and Western medicines.