SUMMARY -The authors describe the epidemiological findings related to human taeniasis and cysticercosis, and swine cysticercosis in two small rural communities, Postinho (P) and Tigre (T), of South Brazil. The prevalence of epilepsy was 2.04% (P) and 2.25% (T). The prevalence of neurocysticercosis was 0.47% (P) and 0.93% (T), and prevalence of swine cysticercosis was 12.8% (P) and 27.8% (T). Taenia sp. infestation wis detected in 4.3% (P) and 4.6% (T) of stool examinations. The hyperendemic human taeniasis and cysticercosis and swine cysticercosis seems to be related to poor hygienic habits of the population, and the free access to human excreta by the pigs.Neurocisticercose: um estudo epidemiológico em duas pequenas comunidades rurais.RESUMO -Os autores relatam os resultados de estudo epidemiológico sobre cisticercose humana e suína em duas pequenas comunidades rurais do Paraná: Postinho (P) e Tigre (T). A prevalência de epilepsia foi de 2,04% (P) e 2,25% (T). Neurocisticercose foi diagnosticada em 0,47% (P) e 0,93% (T) da população. Cisticercose foi observada em 12,8% (P) e 27,8% (T) no rebanho suíno. Exames parasitológicos foram positivos para Taenia sp. em 4,3% (P) e 4,6% (T). A infestação humana e suína hiperendêmica nessas comunidades parece estar relacionada aos precários hábitos higiênicos e às condições sanitárias da população, além do regime de criação solto dos suínos, permitindo seu livre acesso aos dejetos humanos.
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