Thermoelectricity especially the Peltier concept can be one of the useful alternatives for the refrigeration system. The refrigeration systems nowadays which are based on vapour compression cycles are less environmentally friendly. This paper presents a Peltier-based thermoelectric cooling box and its functionality as a cooling mechanism. The activities involved in developing this system are designing the product using CAD applications, producing electrical circuits, and experimental analysis to evaluate the system’s performance. The material used is the Peltier module, CPU fan, polystyrene box and, some other materials in producing a mini thermoelectric cooling box. The experimental data showed proved the system’s cooling capabilities to function as a cooling box over a specific duration when tested with and without a canned beverage to simulate as products to be cooled. Overall, the temperature drops faster when there are no beverages in it with an average temperature difference of 4.86 C after 90 minutes for both conditions. In addition, some improvements can be done to the product in many aspects especially on its cooling capabilities. The Peltier can be added for maybe one or two more in parallel connections which can improve its cooling capabilities.

Abstract. Thermal condition of a house is one of the comfort factors. Traditionally, village houses in Malaysia uses corrugated zinc roofing due to economic reason. Considering the thermal conductivities of the material, space under the roof coverage will intent to occur thermal discomfort due to Malaysian ambient temperature. The roof plays an important role to ensure the house is in a state insulated from the hot sun and rain where the zinc roofing will radiated by the sun in noon and yet become the heat source for in-house area. Thermal discomfort will result due to zinc highly heat absorbing material property. The space under the covering will experience significant temperature increase proportional to the amount of supplied heat from sunlight radiated to the zinc roof, and will further be aggravated if ventilation is poor. The purpose of this study is to compare the temperature distribution by two alternatives methods to reduce the temperature inside a zinc-covered house. The main concept of this cooling system is by splashing water throughout the area of the zinc roofing, where heat exchange process will occur upon contact. The process will dissipate heat from the zinc and will increase the water temperature. This research is focusing on the medium (water) re-cooling process by either open water exhausted or radiator system to state that which one will give better heat exchange. Open water exhausted system heated water will then free fall by gravity into a tank through perforated tube as water droplets. To facilitate higher rate of water-cooling, fan will be provided. Another re-cooling system is the radiator system, which use radiator device to cool down the heated water. Radiator use coolant as the medium to exchange the heat from the roof heated water. By the same heat transfer process, the circulated water temperature will be lower where, which will be recirculation back to the roof. Both systems had been compared about the differences of temperature drop distribution which result the better water re-cooling system.

Malaysia is one of the developing countries but the management and investment by the local authority and investors in the heritage property remain limited which are apparent in the literature. Studying an integrative literature review is the most appropriate way to address the problem of heritage property. It is indicated that the local planning authorities do not have the financial capacity for providing incentives because the conservation and preservation works are costly. If the heritage property is neglected, deteriorated, and dilapidated, the value of archaic services may be affected. The objective of this paper is to review the heritage management system in Malacca and Penang, considering the institutional, legal, and resources frameworks and concerning on the heritage conservation, investment, and valuation. In this study, some variables have been obtained by database that can be used to evaluate the existing frameworks. Finally, all variables are summarized in a new sustainable model by identifying the gaps in the local literature. It is hoped that the present review would be considered as a kind of strategy for the future research and has made substantive contributions to the knowledge as well as inventing new thinking in the field of heritage property.

Abstract. Most traditional village houses uses corrugated zinc roofing due to economic reason. Thermal discomfort will result as zinc is a highly heat absorbing material. The space under the zinc covering will experience significant temperature increase proportional to the amount of supplied heat from sunlight, and this will further be aggravated if the ventilation is poor. The purpose of this study is to determine an alternative method to lower the temperature inside a zinc covered house. The proposed method is by splashing water throughout the area of the zinc roofing, where heat exchange process will occur upon contact. The process will dissipate heat from the zinc but will increase the water temperature. Heated water will then free fall by gravity into a tank through perforated tube with very fine apefture, as water droplet. By the same heat transfer process, ambient air will lower the water temperature, which will be recirculation back to the roof. To facilitate higher rate of water cooling, fan will be provided. The tests show the system was able to lower the temperature of the zinc covered house, and can reduce cost of cooling, thus suitable for low income rural population in Malaysia.

Among the well-established cooling method via thermoelectricity is Peltier effect. Often known as thermoelectric cooling, the cooling effect is achieved without the use of any refrigerant, and this holds several advantages for industrial applications. In this paper, the process of designing and testing of low-cost thermoelectric cooling box were addressed. The design process was elaborated and the main components in the system such as the Peltier module, fan, cooling box made from among others were detailed out. The developed cooling box was then tested experimentally in terms of cooling capabilities by using canned drinks as items to be cooled. It was found that the temperature reduction was notably fast and successfully provided cooling to the canned drinks. The low cost components and materials used suggests its economics and potentials to be used on the do-it-yourself (DIY) basis as a hobby as well as commercial use.