The anthocyanins and anthocyanidins of the pericarp and aleurone tissues of one white, three blue, two purple, and two black barley varieties were isolated by paper chromatography. Two anthocyanins, "B" and "C" (perhaps cyanidin-3-glucoside), occurred in one black and in the blue and purple varieties. Additionally, of three anthocyanins found in the two purple varieties, two, "D" and "E", were common to both and one, "F", was found only in the variety Gopal. Also found in the purple varieties was a poorly resolved group of anthocyanins designated as "A". Two anthocyanidins, delphinidin and cyanidin, were found in all varieties and one, pelargonidin, was found only in the purple varieties. It is probable that anthocyanins A and A1are delphinidin derivatives; anthocyanins C and D, cyanidin derivatives; and anthocyanins E and F, pelargonidin derivatives. The relationships of the anthocyanins to colour inheritance patterns were discussed.
Chromatographic analysis of the floral pigments of species of the genus Papaver revealed the presence of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives and in addition yellow compounds which were not anthocyanins. The distribution of these pigments among the poppy species supports Fedde's division of the genus into sections, and suggests an affinity between the sections Pilosa and Scapiflora. The pigments of three interspecific hybrids showed the biochemical versatility of the less versatile parent.The anthocyanins of petals and stamens frequently differed and the bases of petals normally contained petal and stamen pigments in mixture. High concentrations of cyanidin pigments were not found in the same floral parts as either yellow pigments or high concentrations of pelargonidin derivatives.Several attempts have recently been made to employ biochemical differences between species in systematic and taxonomical investigations. This has been done, for example, in the genus Senecio by Manske (1950) who characterized the alkaloids of the necic acids and by Erdtman in the genus Pinus. Acheson et al. (1956) described the distribution of anthocyanins in the flowers of the British species of the genus Papaver, and suggested that these pigments might prove of value in the systematic treatment of the genus. This present paper describes an investigation of the floral pigments of a wider range of species within this genus and also of some synthesized interspecific hybrids.Seed of Papaver species was obtained from a variety of sources including collections in the field and from botanic gardens and horticultural seedsmen. Plants were grown in rows in field plots at the University Field Station, Wytham, near Oxford, and in experimental gardens of the Department of Agriculture in Oxford.For the extraction of fioral pigments fresh fiowers were collected and each fiower was divided into three parts: (a) the expanded portion of the petals, {b) the base of the petal which is often dark coloured and (c) the stamens which are commonly the same colour as the base of the petals. The floral parts were extracted in i % aqueous hydrochloric acid and the extracts were chromatographed before and after acid hydrolysis as described earher (Acheson et al., 1956).
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