Liver disorders are one of the principal reasons for mortality in the world. Isotretinoin is a systemic retinoid that has been approved for therapy of acne vulgaris since 1982. This drug causes complications in the body. Evidence suggests that Isotretinoin might cause hepatotoxicity. Our research aimed to study the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by isotretinoin and the protective role of taurine in this toxicity. Biomarkers such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), superoxide dismutase, glutathione content (GSH), catalase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. Furthermore, pathological changes were evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of Isotretinoin induced hepatotoxicity as showed by elevation in ALT, AST, and MDA; also, it reduced intracellular GSH in rat liver tissue. Administration of taurine prevented the hepatotoxicity induced by isotretinoin in rats significantly.

A prevalent component of metadiscourse is the way in which authors and presenters reflect themselves in their writings, remarks, and messages. As a subclass of discourse markers, boosters are used to strengthen claims and demonstrate the speaker's and writer's commitment to their claims (Hyland, 1998). With regard to the employment of boosting devices in their casual daily encounters, this study attempted to compare any potential disparities between Kurdish female and male speakers. A quantitative research paradigm was used to achieve this goal. After being manually recorded, inspected, and transcribed from observations, data were used to calculate the number of boosters. The frequency counts and percentages of booster usage were computed, and the chi-square test was employed to compare booster usage depending on gender. It can be inferred that Kurdish women were more likely to convey their ideas with a higher degree of conviction and assertiveness because the results showed a substantial difference in the use of boosters between the two genders. This data lends credence to Lacoff's (1975) assertion that women tend to use some particular linguistic elements more frequently than men, including boosters, lexical hedges, tag questions, empty adjectives, and emphatic stress.