Objective: Pregnancy results in a lot of hormonal changes in the body and the eyes are no exception. These ocular changes could be physiologic, pathologic or a modification of a pre-existing condition. The aim of this study was to determine physiologic ocular changes that are associated with pregnancy in healthy women. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 women were followed longitudinally through out the course of their pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. The women were recruited at 8 weeks of pregnancy at the anti-natal clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoorah Teaching Hospital,Lahore. The women were aged between 20 and 35 years. Tests carried out included visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, and tonometry. The tests were carried out in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: There was a fall in intraocular pressure across the trimesters and this was very significant (P<0.0001). Postpartum, the intraocular pressure began to rise. The difference between the third trimester and post-partum values was also statistically significant (P< 0.0001). The difference in visual acuity through out the pregnancy was not significant (P= 0.8477). Although, there was a fall in refractive error across the different trimesters, it was not statistically significant (P=0.3). There was also no difference in the third trimester and the 6 weeks postpartum values of both visual acuity and refractive error. Conclusion: Ocular changes associated with pregnancy are transient and most tend to resolve postpartum, with values returning to near pre-pregnant state.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the factors indicating success in vaginal delivery after previous one C-Section. Material and Methods: The study was carried out to assess the factors indicating successful VBAC ( vaginal birth after caesarean section). Over a period of two years from Jan 2011 to Dec 2012 at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Al-khidmat Teaching Mansoorah Hospital, Lahore affiliated with University College of Medicine and Dentistry Results: The frequency of normal vaginal delivery after previous 1 C-Section was 47.29% while 52.7% had repeat CSection. The only statistically significant factor which could favor successful vaginal delivery was history of previous vaginal delivery prior to previous C-Section. Patients who had previous C-section for bad obstetrical history were delivered by repeat caesarean section. Majority of the patients included in the study group were booked belonged to educated middle class families having awareness of the complications that may occur during trial of labor. Provision of adequate antenatal health care services, timely identification of high risk cases, use of electronic fetal monitoring, involvement of senior , skilled and experienced personnel in the management of obstetrical emergencies are responsible for successful trial of Labor i.e. almost 50% patients delivered vaginally after previous I C-Section. Thus in order to increase the rate of NVD frequency of trial of labor must be increased with the goal of vaginal delivery but without compromising maternal and fetal health. Conclusion: Almost 50% of the patients with previous one C-Section can be delivered normally especially if they had delivered vaginally previously. The decision of VBAC is complex and ultimately resides with the women and her Obstetrician after counseling the patient regarding all the risk - benefit profile.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the incidence and the relative risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and posterior-ROP (P-ROP): ROP in Zone I and posterior Zone II, as well as to analyze the occurrence of surgical treatment of ROP and to evaluate the short term outcome of the disease . Methods: It is a prospective observational study; all infants with a birth weight (BW)  ≤ 750 g and/or a gestational age (GA) ≤27 weeks born between January 1st 2010 and 18 January 2014 in neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Results: 71 infants were examined: 49 (62.01%) developed ROP and 22 (30.99%) P-ROP. Following the multivariate analysis erythropoietin-therapy (p  < 0.0001) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p  = 0.003) were significantly associated with ROP while gestational age ≤24 weeks (p  = 0.011) and sepsis (p  = 0.002) were associated with the onset of P-ROP. A favorable outcome was reported in 59 (83.09%) newborns affected by ROP. Adverse outcome occurred in 12 patients. Conclusions: P-ROP is the most aggressive type of ROP. It associates with lower GA and sepsis. Obstetricians and Neonatologists must focus on the reduction of severe preterm births

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of turquoise color (495 nm) for the treatment of insomnia during pregnancy Material and Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Al-Khidmat teaching Mansoorah hospital Lahore affiliated with University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore.60pregnant female patients were included in the study and divided into two groups (mean age 27yrs.). The study population belonged to 20-35 years of age. Parity of the patients ranged from para 0 to para 6. Results: Group 1 acted as control and was not prescribed any medicine or Chromotherapy while group 2 was started with turquoise colour therapy according to the method described earlier During 1st trimester of pregnancy the mean sleep time was enhanced considerably from 4.5 to 5 hours by applying turquoise light. During 2nd trimester of pregnancy the sleep time was increased from 5 to 5.8 hours. During 3rd trimester of pregnancy, the sleep time was again increased from 4.5 to 5 hours. At the end of the study, Group 1 reported an increase in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, decreased Fatigue and day time drowsiness while increased concentration. Conclusion: During pregnancy, insomnia is a difficult condition to treat since all the medicines prescribed have side effects on fetus as well as on the mother, so Chromotherapy is suggested as an easy, safe, cost effective and yet an effective method for treating insomnia.