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INTRODUCTIONThe femur or thigh bone is the strongest and longest bone of the body and about 45 cm long in an average man that means approximately one fourth of the height of individual. It has upper end, lower end and a cylindrical shaft. Upper end consists of head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter, inter-trochanteric line and inter-trochanteric crest. The neck is about 5 cm long, connects the head to the shaft and is directed upward, medially and slightly forward and making an angle about 125 0 with shaft but the angle is wider in children. The elongated neck shaft angle facilitates movement at hip joint enabling the limb to swing clearly. 1The neck shaft angle is defined as the angle between the long axis of shaft of femur and long axis femoral neck.Neck shaft angle is also known as angle of inclination, angle of neck of femur, collodiaphyseal angle, cervicodiphyseal angle and collum diaphyseal angle. Normal neck shaft angle varies between 120 0 -140 0 .If the neck shaft angle is less than 120 0 is known as coxa vara, when this angle is more than 140 0 it is called coxa valga. According to study of SP Tuck et al, showed that men had mean neck shaft angle of 130 0 ±3.3, range 121-138 0 while women had a smaller mean femoral neck shaft angle of 128 0 ±1.7, range 119-137 0 . 2The knowledge of the neck shaft angle is valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture of upper end of femur. The neck shaft angle can be estimated from proximal fragment of femur and required size of the length of neck can be determined to design prosthesis for the restoration

BACKGROUNDThe calcaneum is the largest and strongest bone of all tarsal bones. It articulates above with talus to form talocalcaneal joint. In the middle third of superior surface, there is an oval shaped posterior articular facet which articulates with the body of talus. In the anterior third of superior surface, there are anterior and middle facets for the articulation of head of talus.Aim of the present study is to determine the variations of articular facets in population of Bihar and its clinical implications.

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