In this paper, a comprehensive experimental study and modeling of the nonlinear behavior of Terfenol-D/PZT-5A magnetoelectric laminate composites is reported. Magnetostriction versus magnetic field of an individual Terfenol-D sample of dimensions length = 22 mm, width = 19 mm, thickness = 0.683 mm, and polarization versus electric field as well as strain versus electric field of an individual PZT-5A sample of dimensions length = 22 mm, width = 19 mm, thickness = 0.127 mm were characterized. These samples were bonded to form a symmetric PZT-5A/Terfenol-D/PZT-5A laminate composite to avoid bending-extension coupling. Electric response of this composite to magnetic input was comprehensively characterized to include major loop and minor loop behavior. A modeling approach that structurally couples the nonlinear magnetostrictive Terfenol-D behavior and linear PZT-5A behavior to predict the magnetoelectric response was developed and validated against experimental results. This analysis, with further refinements, could prove to be a useful tool to model and design magnetoelectric sensors.

Banking sector is the backbone of any economy and plays a pivotal role in the development of the nation. With the ever increasing need of involvement of banks in the economic growth process, the issue of non-Performing Assets (NPAs) has assumed mammoth proportions. Subsequently, as government in emerging countries pushes for financial inclusion, the risk associated with bank assets increases. With this background, this paper analyses problem of non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Indian banking system. The authors have devised a unique way to forecast the NPAs in Indian banking system in 2020. The focus was to devise a model which would play a pivotal role in forecasting future NPAs in the Indian banking sector. This was achieved by looking into various methodologies and zeroing in on a model, which could be implemented to help understand how NPAs could be predicted.

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