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Registro de acceso restringido Este recurso no está disponible en acceso abierto por política de la editorial. No obstante, se puede acceder al texto completo desde la Universitat Jaume I o si el usuario cuenta con suscripción. Registre d'accés restringit Aquest recurs no està disponible en accés obert per política de l'editorial. No obstant això, es pot accedir al text complet des de la Universitat Jaume I o si l'usuari compta amb subscripció. Restricted access item This item isn't open access because of publisher's policy. The full--text version is only available from Jaume I University or if the user has a running suscription to the publisher's contents.

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Agronomists have already achieved the goal of high and stable yield by using high-yield-producing rice breeds and the application of chemical fertilisers (Zhang et al. 2013). However, the inappropriate amount and method of fertilisation application made an urgent environmental concern, which needs to be addressed by agronomists (Ke et al. 2017). In the field, farmers insist on a tendency to apply more nutrients than the required amount for maximum crop growth to obtain high yields, especially N fertiliser (Pan et al. 2017). Excessive use of mineral fertilisers greatly increased production costs and caused serious environmental problems such as paddy soil deterioration and exacerbating global warming (Wang et al. 2021). Adjusting the fertilisation scheme to increase fertiliser utilisation efficiency is an important issue in agricultural rice production and a prerequisite for reassuring sustained high yield (Zheng et al. 2017).N and P are important nutrients for rice growth, of which N is an important limiting factor in promoting grain growth and improving productivity (An et al. 2018). Both N and P rates are important factors that affect rice yield formation and production composition (Ma et al. 2022). N plays a vital role in

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