Data from this large series substantiate that autoantibody-associated CHB is not coincident with major structural abnormalities, is most often identified in the late second trimester, carries a substantial mortality in the neonatal period and frequently requires pacing. The recurrence rate of CHB is at least two- to three-fold higher than the rate for a mother with anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies who never had an affected child, supporting close echocardiographic monitoring in all subsequent pregnancies, with heightened surveillance between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation.

The mason tenders experienced high prevalence of LBP. To address the problem a model for primary prevention of LBP was developed and implemented in the trade. The model incorporated ergonomic principles, hazard recognition, and problem solving in the training curriculum for the union instructors teaching apprentices the trade-specific skills.

Low back pain, therapeutics, patient compliance, health behavior, patient education. ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal disorders, especially back pain, are an important public health problem and are the most frequent cause of activity limitation in people below age 45, according to studies in industrialized countries (1-4). The escalation of low back problems has continued despite ergonomic and technological developments. And while studies on the dimensions of this problem are still needed for many developing countries, there is a growing concern about the proportion of and socioeconomic consequences from low back pain in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean as well.

No abstract

The resulting eleven-item Functional Recovery Score is comprised of three main components: basic activities of daily living (BADL) assessed by four items, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assessed by six items, and mobility assessed by one item. Basic activities of daily living comprise 44 percent of the score; instrumental activities of daily living comprise 23 percent, and mobility comprises 33 percent. Complete independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living and mobility results in a score of 100 percent.