Di Jawa, gangguan hutan produksi marak terjadi yang menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan hutan tidak didukung oleh sebagian pemangku kepentingan. Mereka mungkin tidak bermaksud merusak hutan tetapi tetap melakukannya karena tidak memperoleh kesempatan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pengelolaan hutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kelompok pemangku kepentingan yang perlu diberdayakan dalam pengelolaan hutan produksi. Kemampuan dan mobilitas sumberdaya serta kebergantungan langsung pada hutan digunakan sebagai parameter untuk mengidentifikasi mereka. Hasil Penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, pekerja usaha penyedia input, pekerja hutan, masyarakat umum pedesaan dan pekerja industri hasil hutan adalah 4 (empat) kelompok pemangku kepentingan yang perlu diberdayakan dalam pengelolaan hutan produksi. Mereka mempunyai pendapatan dan pendidikan rendah, kebergantungan langsung pada hutan tinggi dan kurang mampu memperjuangkan ABSTRACT First Second In Java, there have been serious of disturbances on production forest which indicate that some of its stakeholders do not support production forest management. The stakeholders might not intend to do so but they do since they have no chance to participate in production forest management activities. The objective of this study was to identify groups of stakeholders thatneed empowerment in production forest management. Resource capacity, mobility of resource capacity and direct dependency on forest were used as parameters to identify them. The results were as follows. , input production of forestry workers, forest workers, general rural people and forest products industries workers were 4 (four) groups of stakeholders thatneed empowerment in production forest management. They had low level of income and education, had high direct dependency on production forest and were not able to fulfill their interests. , the empowerment suitable for them were (a) to increase their ability to work and to do a job on production forest activities and (b) to increase job opportunity on production forest by multiculture or agroforestry management for wood and non wood forest products. Ministry of Forestry should support the empowerment by formulatingpolicy of multiculture production forest management.

Pola pengelolaan hutan produksi yang dirumuskan oleh pengelola hutan di Jawa tidak sesuai digunakan sebagai landasan pengelolaan hutan produksi yang lestari. Penelitian ini berupaya merumuskan pola pengelolaan hutan produksi berdasarkan preferensi 9 (sembilan) kelompok pemangku kepentingan. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mengetahui preferensi pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan hutan produksi dan (2) merumuskan pola pengelolaan hutan produksi yang sesuai dengan preferensi pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. , preferensi pemangku kepentingan adalah: (1) masyarakat pedesaan berpartisipasi dalam pengelolaan hutan produksi.

Increasingly competitive competition arises because of digital technology in business. One of Michael Porter's famous competitive theories is regarding the competitive force. There are five components in it: bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of new entrants, threat of substituted products and services, and rivalry among existing competitors. Using quantitative methods, this study will discuss Michael Porter’s theory components that affect business competition in the digital era. The sample selection for this research is spread over all people of DKI Jakarta who have at least one marketplace. According to the seller/store owner's perspective, the five components that affect Marketplace business competition in the digital marketing era are rivalry of competitors, bargaining power of customers, the threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute product, and service. Meanwhile, according to buyers of goods in the marketplace, the five components that affect Marketplace business competition in the digital marketing era are rivalry of competitors, the threat of substituted products and services, bargaining power of customers, and bargaining power of suppliers a threat of new entrants. From the results of this study, it is suspected that Michael Porter's theory can be applied in business competition in the digital era. For further research, the author will discuss whether it is true that Michael Porter's approach is still relevant to be applied according to practitioners and marketing strategists.

Shifting cultivations (SC)