Nephrin is associated with the initial stage of the loss of the permeability barrier in diabetic nephropathy. Interaction AGE-RAGE increases angiotensin II on Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and activation of protein kinase c (PKC) which induce alterations in nephrin mRNA expression. Alterations of nephrin expression induce transformation of slit membrane structure and the permeability changes at the glomerular filtration barrier. Anti-AGE vaccination once may cause the changes of nephrin and RAGE expression and can prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy. This study used primary glomerulus cell culture obtained from renal of Wistar rat aged 3 months, weighing 200-300 grams and assigned into negative control group that exposed to BSA 100 µg/mL, positive control group that exposed to AGE-BSA 100 µg/mL, treatment group 1 that exposed to polyclonal anti-AGE antibody 5 µg/mL and AGE-BSA 100 µg/mL and treatment group 2 that exposed to monoclonal anti-CML antibody 5 µg/mL and AGE-BSA 100 µg/mL. Paired t-test with a 0.05 level of confidence results showed that there were significantly different v in level of RAGE expression between experimental groups with control groups. Administration of polyclonal anti-AGE antibody decreased RAGE expression compared to negative control (p = 0.188) and positive control (p = 0.000). RAGE expression did not differ significantly in administration of monoclonal anti-CML antibody compared to negative control but significant with positive control. Administration of monoclonal anti-CML antibody inhibited increasing of nephrin expression compared to negative and positive control (p = 0.73; 0.125). In conclusion, this study suggested that administration of polyclonal anti-AGE or monoclonal anti-CML antibody could inhibit increasing of RAGE and nephrin expression in glomerulus primary culture that exposed to AGE which is expected to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Rencana pembangunan breakwater merupakan bagian dari 8 tahap pembangunan Dermaga Lantamal III Pondokdayung di Tanjungpriok Jakarta. Dalam pembangunan breakwater dan perencanaan pemeliharaan pelabuhan perlu dilaksanakan analisa sedimentasi mengenai laju sedimentasi dan pola transpor sedimen. Penentuan laju sedimentasi dan analisa transpor sedimen pada saat pembangunan breakwater perlu ditinjau terlebih dahulu dari analisa kondisi sekarang, sehingga penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tiga tahap : (1) penghitungan selisih volume dan selisih kedalaman pada titik – titik di setiap segmen yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan tiga buah Lembar Lukis Teliti (LLT) tahun 1993, 2001, dan 2009; (2) melaksanakan simulasi pemodelan numerik dengan menggunakan software SMS 9.0 pada kondisi saat ini yang di bandingkan dengan penghitungan manual berdasarkan LLT dan hasil penghitungan Dishidros berdasarkan data survei tahun 2009; dan (3) melaksanakan pemodelan numerik simulasi breakwater sesuai siteplan dari Disfaslanal. Penghitungan selisih volume sedimen di lokasi penelitian sesuai area hitungan menunjukkan terjadi erosi dengan erosi rata – rata 4679,807 m3 per tahun. Begitu pula dengan penghitungan selisih kedalaman menunjukkan terjadi penurunan permukaan dasar laut dengan penurunan kedalaman rata – rata 0,006 meter per tahun. Berdasarkan penghitungan data lapangan sedimen suspensi rata – rata 0,0227 gr/ltr, deposisi antara 2,5 sampai dengan 7,5 cm per tahun. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisa model sedimen suspensi rata –rata 0,182 gr/l, deposisi 3,6 cm per tahun. Pada model simulasi breakwater sedimen suspensi rata – rata 0,052 gr/ltr, deposisi di perairan 3,41 cm per tahun, di dalam kolam dermaga dan di pintu masuk kolam dermaga masing – masing 3,32 cm per tahun dan 2,46 cm per tahun. Pada musim Timur pembangunan breakwater memberikan dampak sedimentasi yang cukup rendah, namun pada musim Barat dengan meninjau pola arus yang terjadi sedimentasi cenderung akan lebih tinggi.
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