Entrepreneurship is one of the human capital variables of pepper farmers that plays an important role in determining the success of pepper agribusiness development in this creative era. To face the challenges of the business climate change, pepper farmers need entrepreneurship. The objectives compiled in this study are to identify the entrepreneurial characteristics of Muntok White Pepper farmers and to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on their entrepreneurial behavior in managing to farm. The study was conducted by survey method, involving 115 farmers. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that the entrepreneurial characteristics of pepper farmers are risk-taking, responsive to opportunities, innovative, and motivated. Also, the results showed that the entrepreneurial characteristics of pepper farmers positively and significantly influence their entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, the most dominant variable reflecting their entrepreneurial characteristics is the courage to take risks. This study recommends muntok pepper farmers that they always dare to take risks, be persistent and disciplined. Additionally, knowledge and skills need to be constantly updated to grow the ability to innovate and be creative in carrying pepper cultivation activities out.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peranan sektor pertanian dalam pembangunan wilayah di Kabupaten Simalungun Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Simalungun dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara dari tahun 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan Nilai Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dapat dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi pada wilayah tersebut. Jika dilihat dari PDRB Kabupaten Simalungun pada sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Kontribusi PDRB sektor perikanan sebesar 48,67 persen dengan laju pertumbuhan sebesar 7,32. Berdasarkan hasil analisis LQ pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Simalungun merupakan sektor basis atau unggul dengan sumbangan sebesar 3,44 diikuti oleh Pengadaan Air, Pengelolaan Sampah, Limbah dan Daur Ulang sebesar 1,12 dan Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran, dan Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor sebesar 1,09. Adapun komoditas sektor pertanian holtikultura tanaman dan sayuran yang memberikan kontribusi yaitu kubis dengan luas panen mencapai 2.406 hektar (21,50%). Dari tanaman pangan yaitu padi sawah dan Kelapa sawit merupakan komoditas perkebunan dengan produksi tertinggi mencapai 555.551 ton (97,76%).                                                                                                                      Kata Kunci : Sektor Pertanian, Pembangunan Wilayah, Kabupaten Simalungun

Bycatch small pelagic fish during the fishing season can be oversupplied so that its price goes down.  The study aims to analyze the proximate of local fish powder from the by-catch and probiotics of Probio_FM in the fish feed in Bangka Belitung. The method was the data compared with the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 01-2715-1996/Rev: 92 about the raw material of animal feed as fish powder and fish feed with six different treatments. The study found that the bycatch or trash from small pelagic fish could be used as a fish powder or fish feed. The proximate analysis on fish powder and fish feed with probiotics Probio_FM included as the quality of SNI. Crude protein values from 25.75% until 66.96% that was above SNI standard I (1.5%), II (2.5%), and III (3.0%) could be followed up into an economical business. Fermented activity from Probio_FM could degrade the protein and other components proximate such as ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, Phosphor, and NaCl. The amino acids from protein were getting simpler and easier being absorbed by fish in culture or livestock farms. Probio_FM was assumed to degrade the protein value and other components proximate due to the utilization of nitrogen and ammonia derived from the process fish protein hydrolyzation of probiotic bacteria. The production of local feed should be implemented to reach feed security and very important to be developed into a community business. Proximate analysis of bycatch could support sustainable good aquaculture practices in the future.

The integrated cattle and oil palm system is part of an excellent program of the Bangka Tengah Regency to increase the production of plantation and livestock. The benefit of the system is ensuring the availability of the animal feed derived from oil palm plantation waste while the feces of cattle is potential in producing the fertilizer for oil palm. The community service aims to alter the paradigm of the society on the integrated cattle and oil palm system as well as to empower the people to implement the system. Four steps were used as the methods to implement the programs are preparation; socialization; simulation; and monitoring and evaluation. Qualitative descriptive was employed to analyze the data. The program found that 90% of stock farmers agreed that the system was easily doable. The stock farmers were able to use the probio_Fm technology in implementing the system by making the silage made from the oil palm plantation waste. The knowledge of beneficiaries had increased and their behavior in feeding activities had positively altered through the program. It was found that the livestock required a week to adapt to the silage as the fermented materials in the probio-Fm technology. The use of a chopping machine was able to be a choice as it was able to produce the smoother chopped midrib. It concludes that the system is sustainably used to be implemented by Tunas Baru stock farmer.

This study aims to describe and province of Bangka Belitung Islands. Site selection is done purposively with consideration that South Bangka Regency is the center of production and main supplier of white pepper. The results show that there are three channels of pepper marketing: channel I to village-level collectors, then to district exporters; channel II -farmers sell to district districts directly to exporters; channel III value obtained by farmers is 66.7%.