Today, the relationship between the concepts of environment, food, society, and health are frequently examined. It is necessary for people to understand the process consciously from the time when the foodstuffs are procured to reach their hands in order to prepare healthy living conditions for them. Previously used techniques for the production of foodstuffs, although adequate in terms of yield, can hardly adapt to environmental criteria. Instead, green techniques are being used that provide savings both in time and energy and that nutrients in foods can be obtained without loss as much as in traditional techniques. Green technology is most obviously applied to extraction. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), which is known as a kind of green extraction technology, can be easily and innovatively compared with other extraction techniques. Within the scope of this study, the concept of sustainability in food production has been explained, and the traditional and new extraction techniques have been explained. As a new extraction technique, information about the types of green extraction method has been given, and explanations have been made to explain the definition, mechanism, application fields, advantages, and disadvantages of MAE technique.

PurposeThis study aims to propose a novel framework for barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chains. The barriers in the adoption and implementation of circular economy principles are examined within a framework.Design/methodology/approachFuzzy best-worst method is used to calculate the weights of barriers and identify the prioritization of barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chain.Findings“Insufficient implementation of circular economy laws” was found as the most important barrier, followed by “Lack of information”, “Ineffective recycling policies”, “Lack of awareness for circular economy”, “Remanufacturing is a labor-intensive procedure”, “Inconsistent price policies in sources and products”, “Lack of environmental management system”, “Cost of implementation for green activities” and “Lack of R&D capability” barriers, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of participant professionals limits the conclusions of the study and reaching more general conclusions. A comprehensive research can be conducted by the participation of a greater number of professionals.Originality/valueSeveral studies analyzed the barriers to circularity; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has been taken an approach for barriers to circularity for cooperatives or cooperative supply chains.

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