We investigated the protective effects of resveratrol on hematological and biochemical changes induced by fluoride in rats. A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, resveratrol, fluoride, and fluoride/resveratrol (n = 7 each), for a total of 21 days of treatment. Blood samples were taken and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared to the control group, the fluoride-treated group showed significant differences in several hematological parameters, including decreases in WBC, RBC, and PLT counts and neutrophil ratio. The group that received resveratrol alone showed a decrease in WBC count compared to the control group. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, the fluoride group showed significantly increased ALT enzyme activity and decreased inorganic phosphorus level. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the fluoride + resveratrol treated group were similar to control group. In the fluoride + resveratrol group, resveratrol restored the changes observed following fluoride treatment, including decreased counts of WBC, RBC, and PLT, decreased neutrophil ratio and inorganic phosphorus levels, and elevated ALT enzyme activity. The present study showed that fluoride caused adverse effects in rats and that resveratrol reduced hematological and biochemical alterations produced by fluoride exposure.

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The effects of incubator carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) and oxygen ( O 2 ) concentrations with parental stock age ( PSA ) on embryonic deaths ( ED ), hatchability of fertile eggs ( HFE ), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs ( IVP ) as control ( C ; 0.67% CO 2 and 20.33% O 2 ), high CO 2 ( HC ; 1.57% CO 2 and 20.26% O 2 ), high O 2 ( HO ; 0.50% CO 2 and 21.16% O 2 ), and high CO 2 + O 2 ( HCO ; 1.17% CO 2 21.03% O 2 ) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED ( EED ) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage+pipped but unhatched ED ( MLPED ) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO ( P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP ( P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.

ÖZ Dietilheksil fitalat, sert yapılı plastiklere esneklik katmak amacıyla dünya genelinde yaygın bir şeklide kullanılan, çevresel toksik bir kimyasaldır. İçerisinde bulunduğu ve gevşek bağlarla tutunduğu ürünlerden kolayca ayrılarak çevreye yayılan dietilheksil fitalat sindirim, solunum ve deri teması yollarıyla insan ve hayvanların vücuduna geçmekte ve çeşitli toksik etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dietilheksil fitalatın boğa sperması üzerine in vitro toksik etkisini, bilgisayarlı sperm analiz sistemi ile araştırmaktır. Boğalardan suni vajen ile elde edilen spermalar, fosfat tampon solüsyonu ile 50x10 6 /ml spermatozoa olacak şekilde sulandırıldı ve dimetil sülfoksitte çözdürülen dietilheksil fitalatın 0, 1, 10, 100, 250 ve 500 µg/ml dozlarına maruz bırakılarak 1, 2, 3 ve 4 saat süreyle 37 °C su banyosu içerisinde inkübe edildi. Her inkübasyon süresinin sonunda kontrol ve deneme gruplarından alınan sperma örneklerinin motilite parametreleri analiz edildi. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, dietilheksil fitalatın çalışmada kullanılan düşük dozlarında, doğrudan spermatozoa üzerine toksik etkisi tespit edilemezken, bu etkinin yüksek konsantrasyonlarda zamanla ve doza bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı belirlendi. Özellikle 500 µg/ml dietilheksil fitalat maruziyetinin spermatozoon hareketlilik parametrelerinden, ortalama yol hızı ve doğrusal hızı 2. saatten itibaren, total motilite ve progresif motiliteyi ise 3. saatten itibaren kontrol gruplarına göre önemli derecede azalttığı belirlendi (p<0.05). İn vitro olarak elde edilen sonuçlar dietilheksil fitalatın erkek üreme organlarında toksik birikimine bağlı olarak boğalarda spermatogenezisi etkiliye bileceğini yönündedir. Effect of diethylhexyl phthalate on sperm motility parameters in bull ABSTRACT Diethylhexyl Phthalate is an environmentally toxic chemical commonly used in worldwide to make rigid plastics flexible. Due to its loosely bonded to plastic products, diethylhexyl phthalate easily leaches into the environment. After humans and animals exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate via digestion, respiration and skin contact, it causes various toxic effects in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro toxic effect of diethylhexyl phthalate on bull semen motility via a computerized sperm analysis system. Semen collected from the bulls with artificial vagina were diluted with phosphate buffer solution to 50x10 6 /ml spermatozoa and incubated in a 37°C water bath for 1, 2, 3 and 4 h by exposing to 0, 1, 10, 100, 250 and 500 µg/ml doses of diethylhexyl phthalate dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. At the end of each incubation period, the motility parameters of semen samples taken from control and experimental groups were analyzed. As a result of the evaluation, the toxic effects of diethylhexyl phthalate on the spermatozoa were not determined at low doses used in this study, but this effect occurred at high concentrations by the time. It was observed that exposure of diethylhexyl phthalate particularly at the doses of 500 µg/ml significantly decr...